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Chapter 1: Q6BSC (page 1)
Determine whether the given source has the potential to create bias in a statistical study.
Arsenic in Rice. Amounts of arsenic in samples of rice grown in Texas were measured by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
No, there is no potential for bias in the study.
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In Exercises 17–20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.).
Subject
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 8 AM | 97 | 98.5 | 97.6 | 97.7 | 98.7 |
| 12 AM | 97.6 | 97.8 | 98 | 98.4 | 98.4 |
Conclusion If we analyze the listed body temperatures with suitable methods of statistics, we conclude that when the differences are found between the 8 AM body temperatures and the 12 AM body temperatures, there is a 64% chance that the differences can be explained by random results obtained from populations that have the same 8 AM and 12 AM body temperatures. What should we conclude about the statistical significance of those differences?
Determine whether the sampling method appears to be sound or is flawed.
Clinical Trials. Researchers at Yale University conduct a wide variety of clinical trials by using subjects who volunteer after reading advertisements soliciting paid volunteers.
In Exercises 29–36, answer the given questions, which are related to percentages.
Workplace Attire In a survey conducted by Opinion Research Corporation, 1000 adults were asked to identify “what is inappropriate in the workplace.” Of the 1000 subjects, 70% said that miniskirts were not appropriate in the workplace.
a. What is 70% of 1000?
b. Among the 1000 respondents, 550 said that shorts are unacceptable in the workplace. What percentage of respondents said that shorts are unacceptable in the workplace?
In Exercises 17–20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.)
Source: The listed body temperatures were obtained from Dr. Steven Wasserman, Dr. Philip Mackowiak, and Dr. Myron Levine, who were researchers at the University of Maryland. Is the source of the data likely to be biased?
Falsifying Data A researcher at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center was once criticized for falsifying data. Among his data were figures obtained from 6 groups of mice, with 20 individual mice in each group. The following values were given for the percentage of successes in each group: 53%, 58%, 63%, 46%, 48%, 67%. What’s wrong with those values?
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