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Chapter 1: Q8CQQ (page 1)
Observational Study or Experiment Are the data described in Exercise 6 the result of an observational study or an experiment?
The data described is an observational study.
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In Exercises 17–20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.)
Subject
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 8 AM | 97 | 98.5 | 97.6 | 97.7 | 98.7 |
| 12 AM | 97.6 | 97.8 | 98 | 98.4 | 98.4 |
Source: The listed body temperatures were obtained from Dr. Steven Wasserman, Dr. Philip Mackowiak, and Dr. Myron Levine, who were researchers at the University of Maryland. Is the source of the data likely to be biased?
In Exercises 29–36, answer the given questions, which are related to percentages.
Workplace Attire In a survey conducted by Opinion Research Corporation, 1000 adults were asked to identify “what is inappropriate in the workplace.” Of the 1000 subjects, 70% said that miniskirts were not appropriate in the workplace.
a. What is 70% of 1000?
b. Among the 1000 respondents, 550 said that shorts are unacceptable in the workplace. What percentage of respondents said that shorts are unacceptable in the workplace?
Falsifying Data A researcher at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Research Center was once criticized for falsifying data. Among his data were figures obtained from 6 groups of mice, with 20 individual mice in each group. The following values were given for the percentage of successes in each group: 53%, 58%, 63%, 46%, 48%, 67%. What’s wrong with those values?
Statistical Significance and Practical Significance. In Exercises 13–16, determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.
Diet and Exercise Program In a study of the Kingman diet and exercise program, 40 subjects lost an average of 22 pounds. There is about a 1% chance of getting such results with a program that has no effect
In Exercises 21–24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.
Given the context of the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the measurements?
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