In Exercises 9–12, assume that 50 births are randomly selected. Use subjective judgment to describe the given number of girls as (a) significantly low, (b) significantly high, or (c) neither significantly low nor significantly high.

5 girls.

Out of the 50 randomly selected births, 5 are girls.

It is given that the total number of births is equal to 50.

The number of girls is equal to 5.

Thus, the number of boys become equal to:

$50-5=45$

Rationally, the number of girls should be approximately equal to the number of boys.

• Values of the number of girls that are very large can be considered significantly high.
• Values of the number of girls that are very small can be considered significantly low.
• Values of the number of girls (around 25) can be considered neither significantly low nor significantly high.

Here, since the number of girls (5) is quite low as compared to the number of boys (45), it can be concluded that the number of girls (equal to 5) is significantly low.

Thus, option (a) is the appropriate judgement.