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Chapter 4: Q2 (page 143)
Probability Rewrite the following statement so that the likelihood of rain is expressed as a value between 0 and 1: “The probability of rain today is 25%.”
The probability of rain (between 0 and 1) is 0.25.
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In Exercises 9–20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
McDonald’s | Burger King | Wendy’s | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If two orders are selected, find the probability that they are both accurate.
a. Assume that the selections are made with replacement. Are the events independent?
b. Assume that the selections are made without replacement. Are the events independent?
Notation When randomly selecting an adult, A denotes the event of selecting someone with blue eyes. What do and represent ?
Composite Drug Test Based on the data in Table 4-1 on page 162, assume that the probability of a randomly selected person testing positive for drug use is 0.126. If drug screening samples are collected from 5 random subjects and combined, find the probability that the combined sample will reveal a positive result. Is that probability low enough so that further testing of the individual samples is rarely necessary?
Using Probability to Form Conclusions. In Exercises 37–40, use the given probability value todeterminewhether the sample results could easily occur by chance, then form a conclusion.
Predicting Gender A study addressed the issue of whether pregnant women can correctly predict the gender of their baby. Among 104 pregnant women, 57 correctly predicted the gender of their baby (based on data from “Are Women Carrying ‘Basketballs’. . . ,” by Perry, DiPietro, Constigan, Birth, Vol. 26, No. 3). If pregnant women have no such ability, there is a 0.327 probability of getting such sample results by chance. What do you conclude?
Finding Complements. In Exercises 5–8, find the indicated complements.
LOL A U.S. Cellular survey of smartphone users showed that 26% of respondents answered “yes” when asked if abbreviations (such as LOL) are annoying when texting. What is the probability of randomly selecting a smartphone user and getting a response other than “yes”?
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