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Chapter 12: Q. 12.49 (page 502)

Education of Prisoners. In the article "Education and Correctional Populations" (Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, NCJ 195670), C. Harlow examined the educational attainment of prisoners by type of prison facility. The following contingency table was adapted from Table 1 of the article. Frequencies are in thousands, rounded to the nearest hundred.


StateFederalLocalTotal
8th grade or less149.910.666.0226.5
some high school269.112.9168.2450.2
GED300.820.171.0391.9
High school diploma216.424.0130.4370.8
Postsecondary95.014.051.9160.9
College grad and more25.37.216.148.6
Total1056.588.8503.61648.9

How many prisoners

a. are in state facilities?

b. have at least a college education?

c. are in federal facilities and have at most an 8th-grade education?

d. are in federal facilities or have at most an 8th-grade education? e. in local facilities have a postsecondary educational attainment

f. who have a postsecondary educational attainment are in local facilities?

g. are not in federal facilities?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)The total number of prisoners state facilities is 1,056.5.

(b)There are 48.6 prisoners having at least a college education.

(c) The number of prisoners in government facilities and at least have a Grade 8 education is 10.6.

(d)The number of prisoners is in federal facilities or have at most an 8th-grade education 304.7.

(e)51.9 prisoners are there.

(f)51.9 prisoners are there.

(g)1,560.1 prisoners are there.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given 

The given Contingency table is


StateFederalLocalTotal
8th grade or less149.910.666.0226.5
some high school269.112.9168.2450.2
GED300.820.171.0391.9
High school diploma216.424.0130.4370.8
Postsecondary95.014.051.9160.9
College grad and more25.37.216.148.6
Total1056.588.8503.61648.9
02

Step 2.  Finding the number of prisoners 

The total number of prisoners state facilities is 1,056.5.

03

Step 3. Finding the number of prisoners having at least a college education 

There are 48.6 prisoners having at least a college education

04

Step 4. Find the number of prisoners in government facilities and at least have a Grade 8 education using the provided emergency table.

The number of prisoners in government facilities and at least have a Grade 8 education is 10.6

05

Step 5. Find the number of prisoners is in federal facilities or have at most an 8th-grade education by using given contingency table

The number of prisoners is in federal facilities or have at most an 8th-grade education 304.7.

06

Step 6. Find the number of prisoners is in local facilities have a postsecondary educational attainment by using given contingency table.

51.9 prisoners are there.

07

Step 7. Find the number of prisoners in local facilities have a postsecondary educational attainment

51.9 Prisoners are there

08

Step 8. Find the number of prisoners not in federal facilities

1,560.1 prisoners are there.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A poll conducted by Gallup asked American adults about vegetarianism. This problem is based on that poll. Of independent random samples of 500men and 512women, 20of the men and 36of the women said they were vegetarians. At the 5%significance level do the data provide sufficient level do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists in the proportions of male and female vegetarians?

Part (a): Use the two-portions z-test to perform the required hypothesis test.

Part (b): Use the chi-square homogeneity test to perform the required hypothesis test.

Part (c): Compare your results in parts (a) and (b).

Part (d): Explain what principle is being illustrated.

A chi-square homogeneity test is to be conducted to decide whether a difference exists among the distributions of a variable of six populations. The variable has five possible values. What are the degrees of freedom for the x2-statistic?

In each of the given Exercises, we have given the number of possible values for two variables of a population. For each exercise, determine the maximum number of expected frequencies that can be less than 5 in order that Assumption 2 of Procedure 12.2 on page 506 to be satisfied. Note: The number of cells for a contingency table with m rows and n columns is m⋅n.

12.70 five and three

12.50 U.S. Hospitals. The American Hospital Association publishes 12.30 U.S. information about U.S. hospitals and nursing homes in Hospital Statistics. The following contingency table provides a cross classification of U.S. hospitals and nursing homes by type of facility and number of beds.

In the following questions, the term hospital refers to either a hospital or nursing home.


24 or fewer25-7475 or moreTotal
General260158635575403
Psychiatric24242471737
Chronic132236
Tuberculosis0224
Other25177208410
Total310201042606580

a. How many hospitals have at least 75 beds?

b. How many hospitals are psychiatric facilities?

c. How many hospitals are psychiatric facilities with at least 75 beds?

d. How many hospitals either are psychiatric facilities or have at least 75 beds?

e. How many general facilities have between 25 and 74 beds?

f. How many hospitals with between 25 and 74 beds are chronic facilities?

g. How many hospitals have more than 24 beds?

What is meant by saying that a variable has a chi-square distribution?
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