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Chapter 12: Q. 12.76 (page 510)

In each of the given Exercises, we have presented a contingency table that gives a cross-classification of a random sample of values for two variables, x, and y, of a population. For each exercise, perform the following tasks.

a. Find the expected frequencies. Note: You will first need to compute the row totals, column totals, and grand total.

b. Determine the value of the chi-square statistic.

c. Decide at the 5% significance level whether the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the two variables are associated.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For a χ2-curve with 19degrees of freedom determine the χ2-value that has area.

a. 0.025to its right

b. 0.01to its right.

We stated earlier that, if two variables are not associated, ther eis no point in looking for a casual relationship. Why is that so?

Although the chi-square homogeneity test and the chi-square independence test use essentially the same basic procedure, the context of the two tests are quite different. Explain the difference.

Education of Prisoners. Refer to Exercise 12.49.

a. Find the conditional distribution of educational attainment with in each type of prison facility.

b. Does an association exist between educational attainment and of prison facility for prisoners? Explain your answer.

c. Determine the marginal distribution of educational attainment for prisoners.

d. Construct a segmented bar graph for the conditional distributions of educational attainment and marginal distribution of educational attainment that you obtained in parts (a) and (c), respectively. Interpret the graph in light of your answer to part (b).

e. Without doing any further calculations, respond true or false to the following statement and explain your answer: "The conditional distributions of facility type within educational attainment categories are identical."

f. Determine the marginal distribution of facility type and the conditional distributions of facility type within educational attainment

categories.

g. Find the percentage of prisoners who are in federal facilities.

h. Find the percentage of prisoners with at most an 8th-gradetion who are in federal facilities.

i. Find the percentage of prisoners in federal facilities who have at most an 8th-grade education.

Studies have shown that a positive association exists between educational level and annual salary; in other words, people with more education tend to make more money.
a. Does this finding mean that more education causes a person to make more money? Explain your answer.
b. Do you think there is a casual relationship between educational level and annual salary? Explain your answer.
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