Educational Attainment. The U.S. Census Bureau compiles census data on educational attainment of Americans. From the document Current Population Survey, we obtained the 2010 distribution of educational attainment for U.S. adults 25 years old and older. Here is that distribution.

Highest LevelPercentage
Not HS graduate12.9
HS graduate31.2
Some college16.8
Associate degree9.1
Bachelor degree19.5
Advanced degree10.5

A random sample of 500 U.S. Adults (25 years old and older) taken this year gave the following frequency distribution.

Highest levelFrequency
Not HS graduate45
HS graduate163
some collage76
Associate degree53
Bachelor degree102
Advanced degree61

Decide at the 5% significance level whether this year's distribution of educational attainment differs from the 2010 distribution.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The class width is 10

The midpoint of the second class is 20

The lower and upper cut points of the third class is 25 and 35

The third class cut points include the observation 32.4

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

A quantitative data collection was categorized using cut point grouping with equal-width classes.

a) If the first class's lower and upper cut points are 5 and 15, the common class width is as follows:

The Lower limit of the first class is 5 .

The first class's upper cut point is 15.

Classwidth=Upperlimit-Lowerlimit

=15-5=10

Therefore, the class width is 10.

02

Definition

b) We find the midpoint of the second class is given below:

The Lower cut point of the first class is 5 .

The Upper cut point of the first class is 15 .

In Cut point grouping the lower cut point of the second class is equal to the upper cut point of the first class.

So the Lower cut point of the second class is 15

The upper cut point of the second class is

= Lower cut point of the second class + Class width

=15+10=25

By definition, the midpoint is given by

Midpoint=Lowercutpoit+Uppercutpoint2=15+252=20

Therefore, the midpoint of the second class is 20 .

03

Definition

c) We find the lower and upper cut points for third class is given below:

The Lower cut point of the second class is 15 .

The Upper cut point of the second class is 25 .

In Cut point grouping the lower cut point of the third class is equal to the upper cut point of the second class.

So the lower cut point of the third class is 25

The upper cut point of the third class is

=Lowerlimitofthethirdclass+Classwidth=25+10=35

Therefore, the lower and upper cut points of the third class is 25 and35.

04

Definition

d) The cut points for the third class are 25 and 35.

Therefore, the third class cut points include the observation 32.4

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In each of the given Exercises, we have given the number of possible values for two variables of a population. For each exercise, determine the maximum number of expected frequencies that can be less than 5 in order that Assumption 2 of Procedure 12.2 on page 506 to be satisfied. Note: The number of cells for a contingency table with m rows and n columns is m⋅n.

12.74 six and seven

The U.S. Census Bureau publishes census data on the resident population of the United States in Current Population Reports. According to that document, 7.3% of male residents are in the age group20−24 years.
a. If there is no association exists between age group and gender, what percentage of the resident population would be in the age group20−24 years? Explain your answer.
b. If there is no association exists between age group and gender, what percentage of female residents would be in the age group20−24 years? Explain your answer.
c. There are about 158million female residents of the United States. If no association exists between age group and gender, how many female residents would there be in the age group20−24 years?
d. In fact, there are some 10.2 million female residents in the age group20−24 years. Given this number and your answer to part (c), what do you conclude?

Scoliosis is a condition involving curvature of the spine. In a study by A. Nachemson and L. Peterson, reported in the Journal of Bone and Joing Surgery, 286girls aged 10to 15years were followed to determine the effects of observation only (129patients), an underarm plastic brace (111patients), and nighttime surface electrical stimulation (46 patients). A treatment was deemed to have failed if the curvature of the spine increased by 6 on two successive examinations. The following table summarizes the results obtained by the researchers.

At the 5%significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference in failure rate exists among the three types of treatments?

School Enrollment. The Current Population Survey from the

U.S. Census Bureau provides data on school enrollment. The following contingency table shows school enrollment below postsecondary, in thousands, by level and gender.


MaleFemaleTotal
Nursery2,3312,3774,708
Kindergarten
1,997
Elementary16,50415,734
High School8,383
16,446
Total29,363

How many prisoners a. are in state facilities?

a. have at least a college education?

b. are in federal facilities and have at most an 8th-grade education?

c. are in federal facilities or have at most an 8th-grade education?

d. in local facilities have a postsecondary educational attainment?

e. who have a postsecondary educational attainment are in local facilities?

f. are not in federal facilities?

Education of Prisoners. Refer to Exercise 12.49.

a. Find the conditional distribution of educational attainment with in each type of prison facility.

b. Does an association exist between educational attainment and of prison facility for prisoners? Explain your answer.

c. Determine the marginal distribution of educational attainment for prisoners.

d. Construct a segmented bar graph for the conditional distributions of educational attainment and marginal distribution of educational attainment that you obtained in parts (a) and (c), respectively. Interpret the graph in light of your answer to part (b).

e. Without doing any further calculations, respond true or false to the following statement and explain your answer: "The conditional distributions of facility type within educational attainment categories are identical."

f. Determine the marginal distribution of facility type and the conditional distributions of facility type within educational attainment

categories.

g. Find the percentage of prisoners who are in federal facilities.

h. Find the percentage of prisoners with at most an 8th-gradetion who are in federal facilities.

i. Find the percentage of prisoners in federal facilities who have at most an 8th-grade education.

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