Poverty and Dietary Calcium. Refer to Exercise $8.70$

a. Determine and interpret a $95\%$upper confidence bound for the mean calcium intake of all people with incomes below the poverty level.

b. Compare your one-sided confidence interval in part (a) to the (twosided) confidence interval found in Exercise $8.70$

From Exercise 8.70, $\overline{x}=947.4,n=18,\sigma =188$

The formula used: The upper confidence bound$\overline{x}+z_{\frac{a}{2}}\left(\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}}\right)$

Calculate the $95\%$upper confidence bound for all people with incomes below the poverty level's mean calcium consumption.

From Exercise 8.70, $\overline{x}=947.4,n=18,\sigma =188$

The needed value of $z_{\alpha }$with a $95\%$confidence level is $1.645$, according to "Table II Areas under the standard normal curve."

Thus, the upper confidence bound is,

$$\begin{gathered} \overline{x}+z_{\frac{a}{2}}\left(\frac{\sigma }{\sqrt{n}}\right)=947.4+1.645\left(\frac{188}{\sqrt{18}}\right) \\ =947.4+72.8933 \\ =1,020.2933 \end{gathered}$$

As a result, the $95\%$upper confidence bound for the mean calcium intake of all people living in poverty is $1,020.2933$

Because the $z$value for one side with a $95\%$ confidence level is $1.645$ and the$z$ value for both sides with a $95\%$ confidence level is $1.96$, it is evident that the upper confidence bound is smaller than the upper confidence limit.