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Chapter 11: Q.11.7 (page 459)
For what is the phrase "number of failures" an abbreviation?
The number of failures refers to the number of people chosen from a sample without a specific attribute.
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The Nipah Virus. During one year, Malaysia was the site of an encephalitis outbreak caused by the Nipah virus, a paramyxovirus that appears to spread from pigs to workers on pig farms. As reported y K. Goh et al. in the paper "Clinical Features of Nipah Virus Ėncephalitis among Pig Farmers in Malaysia" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 342, No. 17, pp. 1229-1235), neurologists from the University of Malaysia found that, among patients infected with the Nipah virus, died from encephalitis. Find and interpret a confidence interval for the percentage of Malaysians infected with the Nipah virus who would die from encephalitis.
11.93 Washing Up. A Harris Interactive survey found that of American adults said they always wash up after using the bathroom.
a. At the significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that more than of Americans always wash up after using the bathroom?
b. Repeat part (a), using a level of significance.
The Quinnipiac University Poll conducts nationwide surveys as a public service and for research. In one poll. participants were asked whether they thought eliminating the federal gas tax for the summer months is a good idea. The following problems are based on the results of that poll.
a. OfRepublicans, thought it a good idea, and, of Democrats, thought it a good idea. Obtain a confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of Republicans and Democrats who think that eliminating the federal gas tax for the summer months is a good idea.
b. Of women,thought it a good idea, and, of men, thought it a good idea. Obtain a confidence interval for the difference between the percentages of women and men who think that eliminating the federal gas tax for the summer months is a good idea.
11.96 Kids Attending Church. In an Global Kids Study, conducted by Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc., estimates were made in various countries of the percentage of children who attend church at least once a week. Two of the countries in the survey were the United States and Germany. Considering these two countries only,
a. identify the specified attribute.
b. identify the two populations.
c. What are the two population proportions under consideration?
Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. In the United States, approximately 450,000 vasectomies are performed each year. In this surgical procedure for contraception, the tube carrying sperm from the testicles is cut and tied. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between vasectomies and prostate cancer. The results of one such study by E. Giovannucci et al. appeared in the paper "A Retrospective Cohort Study of Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer in U.S. Men" (Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. , Pp. , Of 21,300 men who had not had a vasectomy, 69 were found to have prostate cancer; of 22,000 men who had had a vasectomy, 113 were found to have prostate cancer.
a. At the significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that men who have had a vasectomy are at greater risk of having prostate cancer? Consider men who had had a vasectomy Population
b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study Explain your answer.
c. In view of your answers to parts (a) and (b), could you reasonably conclude that having a vasectomy causes an increased risk of prostate cancer? Explain your answer.
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