Suppose that you want to perform a hypothesis test to compare the means of two populations, using independent simple random samples. Assume that the two distributions of the variable under consideration have the same shape, but are not normal, and both sample sizes are large. Answer the following questions and explain your answers.

a. Is it permissible to use the pooled t-test to perform the hypothesis test?

b. Is it permissible to use the Mann-Whitney test to perform the hypothesis test?

c. Which procedure is preferable, the pooledt-test or the Mann-Whitney test?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part a: Yes, it is permissible to use the pooled t-test to perform the hypothesis test.

Part b: Yes, it is permissible to use the Mann-Whitney test to perform the hypothesis test.

Part c: The pooled t-test should be preferable.

Step by step solution

01

Part a: Step 1. Given information

Assume that the two distributions of the variable under consideration have the same shape, but are not normal, and both sample sizes are large.

02

Part a Step 2. Assumption for the pooled t-test is given below:

  • The selected sample should be a simple random sample from two populations.
  • The samples are independent of one another.
  • Population is approximately normal.
  • Equal population standard deviations.

So, it is permissible to use the pooledt-test to perform the hypothesis test because the given information satisfied the assumptions of the pooledt-test.

03

Part b Step 1. Explanation for the answer:

Yes, it is permissible to use the Mann-Whitney test to perform the hypothesis test because the two distributions of the variable under the consideration have the same shape but it is not normal.

04

Part c Step 1. Explanation for the answer:

Here, the pooled t-test procedure should be preferable because the pooledt-test provide more accurate results than the Mann-Whitney test.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the article "Sleep Apnea in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Preliminary Investigation" (Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 82, Issue 3, pp. 316321), J. Webster et al, investigated sleep-related breathing disorders in adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The respiratory disturbance index (RDI), which is the number of apneic and hypopneic episodes per hour of sleep, was used as a measure of severity of sleep apnea. An RDI of 5 or more indicates sleep-related breathing disturbances. The RDIs for the females and males in the study are as follows.

Use the technology of your choice to answer the following questions. Explain your answers.

a. If you had to choose between the use of pooledt-procedures and nonpooled t-procedures here, which would you choose?

b. Is it reasonable to use the type of procedure that you selected in part (a)?

In the paper "The Relation of Sex and Sense of Direction to Spatial Orientation in an Unfamiliar Environment" (Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 20, pp. 17-28), J. Sholl et al. published the results of examining the sense of direction of 30 male and 30 female students. After being taken to an unfamiliar wooded park, the students were given some spatial orientation tests, including pointing to the south, which tested their absolute frame of reference. The students pointed by moving a pointer attached to a 360°protractor. Following are the absolute pointing errors, in degrees, of the participants.

At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, on average, males have a better sense of direction and, in particular, a better frame of reference than females? (Note: x¯1=37.6,s1=38.5,x¯2=55.8,ands2=48.3.)

The intent is to employ the sample data to perform a hypothesis test to compare the means of the two populations from which the data were obtained. In each case, decide which of the procedures should be applied.

Independent: n1=25

n2=20

Cooling Down. Cooling down with a cold drink before exercise in the heat is believed to help an athlete perform. Researcher 1. Dugas explored the difference between cooling down with an ice slurry (slushy) and with cold water in the article "lce Slurry Ingestion Increases Running Time in the Heat" (Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 21, No, 6, pp. 541-542). Ten male participants drank a flavored ice slurry and ran on a treadmill in a controlled hot and humid environment. Days later, the same participants drank cold water and ran on a treadmill in the same bot and humid environment. The following table shows the times, in minutes, it took to fatigue on the treadmill for both the ice slurry and the cold water.

At the 1%significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that, on average, cold water is less effective than ice slurry For optimizing athletic performance in the heat? (Note; The mean and standard deviation of the paired differences are -5.9minutes and 1.60minutes, respectively.)

Left-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and CIs. If the assumptions for a nonpooled t-interval are satisfied, the formula for a (1-α) level upper confidence bound for the difference, μ1-μ2. between two population means is

f1-f2+t0·s12/n1+s22/n2

For a left-tailed hypothesis test at the significance level α, the null hypothesis H0:μ1=μ2 will be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis H2:μ1<μ2 if and only if the (1-α)-level upper confidence bound for μ1-μ2 is less than or equal to 0. In each case, illustrate the preceding relationship by obtaining the appropriate upper confidence bound and comparing the result to the conclusion of the hypothesis test in the specified exercise.

a. Exercise 10.83

b. Exercise 10.84

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