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Chapter 1: Q 1.22. (page 8)

In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.

Starting Salaries. The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) compiles information on salary offers to new college graduates and publishes the results in Salary Survey.

Do you think that these rates are descriptive statistics or inferential statistics? Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The investigation in question is an observational study.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given information.

The given investigation is:

The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) compiles information on salary offers to new college graduates and publishes the results in Salary Survey.

02

Step 2. State whether the given investigation is an observational study or a designed experiment.

This is a case of observational study.

As in a sample survey, researchers merely observe characteristics and take measurements in an observational study.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Medical Testing on Animals. In its Summer 2013 Animal Action Report, the National Anti-Vivisection Society stated that "59% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 29 oppose medical testing on animals." The percentage of 59% was computed from sample data.

(a). Identify the population under consideration.

(b). Identify the sample under consideration.

(c). Is the statement in quotes descriptive or inferential?

(d). If you wanted to make it clear that the percentage of 59% was computed from sample data, how would you rephrase the statement in quotes?

Persistent Poverty and IQ. An article appearing in an issue of the Arizona Republic reported on a study conducted by G. Duncan of the University of Michigan. According to the report, "Persistent poverty during the first 5 years of life leaves children with IQs 9.1 points lower at age 5 than children who suffer no poverty during that period...." Is this statistical study an observational study or is it a designed experiment? Explain your answer.

In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.

Aspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled "A Randomized of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that "We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, death from cardiovascular causes)."

Immunization of Schoolchildren. In the article, "Reasons for Non - uptake of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Catch Up Immunisation in a Measles Epidemic and Side Effects of the Vaccine" (British Medical Journal,Vol. 310, pp. 1629-1632), R. Roberts et al . discussed a follow-up survey to examine why almost 10,000 children, ages 11-15, whose records showed no previous immunization were not immunized. In the survey, 10 of the 46 schools participating in the immunization campaign were randomly chosen and then the parents of all the nonimmunized children at the 10 selected schools were sent a questionnaire. What type of sampling design was used by these authors in their survey? Explain your answer.

Comparing Gas Mileages. An experiment is to be conducted to compare four different brands of gasoline for gas mileage.

(a) Suppose that you randomly divide 24 cars into four groups of 6 cars each and then randomly assign the four groups to the four brands of gasoline, one group per brand. Is this experimental design a completely randomized design or a randomized block design? If it is the latter, what are the blocks?

(b) Suppose, instead, that you use six different models of cars whose varying characteristics (e.g., weight and horsepower) affect gas mileage. Four cars of each model are randomly assigned to the four different brands of gasoline. Is this experimental design a completely randomized design or a randomized block design? If it is the latter, what are the blocks?

(c) Which design is better, the one in part (a) or the one in part (b)? Explain your answer.
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