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Chapter 1: Q 15. (page 32)
Incomes of College Students 'Parents. A researcher wants to estimate the average income of parents of college students. To accomplish that, he surveys a sample of 250 students at Yale. Is this a representative sample? Explain your answer.
No. The sample is not representative.
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In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
Dow Jones Industrial Averages. From the Stock Performance Guide, published online by Istockl on the website 1Stock1.com, we found the closing values of the Dow Jones Industrial Averages as of the end of December for the years 2004 through 2013.
In a designed experiment, there are two factors, say, Factor Aand Factor B. Factor Ahas four levels, say, ; Factor B has two levels, say,.
(a) Construct a schematic for the treatments similar to Table 1.8 on page 27.
(b) Use part ( a ) to determine the number of treatments.
(c) Could you have determined the answer for part ( b ) without constructing the schematic in part ( a )? Explain your answer.
In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.
Do Left-Handers Die Earlier? According to a study published in the Journal of the American Public Health Association, left-handed people do not die at an earlier age than right-handed people, contrary to the conclusion of a highly publicized report done 2 years earlier. The investigation involved a 6-year study of 3800 people in East Boston older than age 65. Researchers at Harvard University and the National Institute of Aging found that the "lefties" and "righties" died at exactly the same rate. "There was no difference, period," said Dr. J. Guralnik, an epidemiologist at the institute and one of the coauthors of the report.
Identify two statistical methods other than a census for obtaining information.
Hepatitis B and Pancreatic Cancer.The article "Study Links Hepatitis B and Cancer of Pancreas" by D. Grady, appeared in the September 29, 2008 issue of the New York Times. It reported that, for the first time, a study showed that people with pancreatic cancer are more likely than those without the disease to have been infected with the hepatitis B virus. The study by M. Hassan et al . , titled "Association Between Hepatitis B Virus and Pancreatic Cancer" (Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 26, No. 28, pp. 4557-4562) compared 476 people who had pancreatic cancer with 879 healthy control subjects. All were tested to see whether they had ever been infected with the viruses that cause hepatitis B or hepatitis C. The results were that no connection was found to hepatitis C, but the cancer patients were twice as likely as the healthy subjects to have had hepatitis B. The researchers noted, however, that "...while the study showed an association, it did not prove cause and effect. More work is needed to determine whether the virus really can cause pancreatic cancer." Explain the validity of the statement in quotes.
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