Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Q 1.93. (page 30)

In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

Highway Signs. A driver's ability to detect highway signs is an important consideration in highway safety. In his dissertation, High way Construction Safety and the Aging Driver, S. Younes investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called the detection distance. Younes analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance. Drivers were randomly assigned to one combination of sign size ( small, medium, and large ), and sign material ( 1, 2, and 3 ). Each driver covered the same stretch of highway at a constant speed during the same time of day, and the detection distance, in feet, was determined for the driver's assigned caution sign.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) experimental units:- Drivers

(b) response variable:- Detection distance.

(c) factor (s):- sign size and sign material.

(d) levels of each factor:-

sign size includes small, medium, and large.

and sign material includes 1, 2, and 3.

(e) treatments:- Nine.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1. Given information.

The given statement is:

A driver's ability to detect highway signs is an important consideration in highway safety. In his dissertation,High way Construction Safety and the Aging Driver, S. Younes investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called thedetection distance. Younes analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance. Drivers were randomly assigned to one combination of sign size ( small, medium, and large ), and sign material ( 1, 2, and 3 ). Each driver covered the same stretch of highway at a constant speed during the same time of day, and the detection distance, in feet, was determined for the driver's assigned caution sign.

02

Part (a) Step 2. Identify the experimental units.

Taking into consideration the given designed experiment, Experimental units are the drivers that are being studied in this study.

03

Part (b) Step 1. Identify the response variable.

The response variable, of the given designed experiment, is the detection distance.

Because the researcher investigated the distance at which drivers can first detect highway caution signs. This distance is called the detection distance.

04

Part (c) Step 1. Identify the factor.

Here, the factors include: sign size and sign material.

Because researchers analyzed the effect that sign size and sign material have on detection distance.

05

Part (d) Step 1. Identify the levels of each factor.

The three levels of sign size include:

  1. small
  2. Medium
  3. Large

The three levels of sign material include:

1, 2 and 3.

06

Part (e) Step 1. Identify the treatments.

It includes the nine different possible ways of three levels of sign size and three levels of sign material.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.

Professional Athlete Salaries. From the Statistical Abstract of the United States and the article "Average Salaries in the NBA, NFL, MLB and NHL" by J. Dorish, published on the Yahoo! Contributor Network, we obtained the following data on average professional athletes' salaries for the years 2005 and 2011.

In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.

In-Demand College Majors. In a June 2013 article, published online by The Street, B. O'Connell discussed the results of a survey on opportunities for graduating college students. In one aspect of the survey, the following percentage estimates were reported on which college majors were in demand among U.S. firms. [SOURCE: "The Most In-Demand College Majors This Year." Published by Career-Builder, LLC, 2013.]

Plant Density and Tomato Yield. In "Effects of Plant Density on Tomato Yields in Western Nigeria" (Experimental Agriculture,Vol. 12(1), pp. 43-47 ), B. Adelana reported on the effect of tomato variety and planting density on yield. Four tomato varieties (Harvester, Pusa Early Dwarf, Ife No. 1, and Ibadan Local ) were grown at four densities ( 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 plants/ha). Identify the

a. experimental units. b. response variable.

c. factor (s). d. levels of each factor.

e. treatments.

In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

Sexual Signals. In a study by A. Elliot et al . , titled " Women's Use of Red Clothing as a Sexual Signal in Intersexual Interaction " (Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 49, Issue 3, pp. 599-602), women were studied to determine the effect of apparel color choice based on perceived attractiveness and gender of a new acquaintance. The following experiment is based on the researchers' investigation. Women are randomly assigned to be told that they would be conversing with an attractive male, an unattractive male, an attractive female, or an unattractive female. The women must wear a standardized shirt before the conversation but can choose between red, green, and blue.

In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.

Aspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled "A Randomized of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that "We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, death from cardiovascular causes)."
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Statistics

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Decision Maths

Read Explanation

Applied Mathematics

Read Explanation

Probability and Statistics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free