In Exercises 1.92-1.97, we present descriptions of designed experiments. In each case, identify the

(a) experimental units

(b) response variable

(c) factor (s)

(d) levels of each factor:-

(e) treatments.

The Lion's Mane. In a study by P. M. West titled "The Lion's Mane" ( American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226-236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.

The given statement is:

In a study by P. M. West titled "The Lion's Mane" ( American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 226-236), the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals were explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies.

Taking into consideration the given designed experiment, the Experimental units are the female lions that are being observed to see whether they will approach each of the four life-sized dummies.

The response variable, of the given designed experiment, is whether female lions approached each of the four life-sized dummies or not.

Here, the factors include:

Mane length and mane color are the factors.

The two levels of mane lengths are:

1. long
2. short

The two levels of mane color are:

1. blonde
2. dark

It includes the four different possible ways of two mane colors and two mane lengths.