State the Type I and Type II errors in complete sentences given the following statements.

a. The mean number of years Americans work before retiring is 34.

b. At most 60% of Americans vote in presidential elections.

c. The mean starting salary for San Jose State University graduates is at least \(100,000 per year.

d. Twenty-nine percent of high school seniors get drunk each month.

e. Fewer than 5% of adults ride the bus to work in Los Angeles.

f. The mean number of cars a person owns in his or her lifetime is not more than ten.

g. About half of Americans prefer to live away from cities, given the choice.

h. Europeans have a mean paid vacation each year of six weeks.

i. The chance of developing breast cancer is under 11% for women.

j. Private universities mean tuition cost is more than \)20,000 per year.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The type I error is not thinking mean as 34and type II error is thinking mean as 34

b. The type I error says at most 60%American's vote and type II error is more than 60%Americans vote.

c. The type I error is mean starting salary is less than $100,000and type II error is at least $100,000

d. The type I error says 29%seniors does not drinking and type II error is they do.

e. Type I error is fewer ride bus to work and type II error is more ride bus to work.

f. Type I error is that the mean number of cars a person owns in his or her lifetime is more than and type II error is the mean number of cars a person owns in his or her lifetime is not more than 10.

g. Type I error is the proportion of Americans who prefer to live away from cities is not about half and type II error is the proportion of Americans who prefer to live away from cities is about half.

h. Type I error is the duration of paid vacations each year for Europeans is not6 weeks and type II error the duration of paid vacations each year for Europeans is 6 weeks.

i. Type I error is the proportion is less than 11% and type II error is the proportion is at least 11%.

j. Type I error is the proportion is less than 20,000 and type II error is the proportion is at most 20,000.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

The one-sample t-test is a statistical hypothesis test that is used to evaluate if an unknown population mean differs from a given value.

02

Explanation (Part a)

Rejecting the null hypothesis H0when it is true is defined as a TypeIerror:

If the H0is: "The mean number of years Americans work before retiring is 34," than TypeIerror is

  • One thinks the mean is not 34years when, in fact, it really is 34years.
  • TypeIIerror is One thinks the mean is 34years when, in fact, it really is not 34years.
03

Explanation (Part b)

Type I error: We conclude that more than 60%Americans vote in presidential elections when the actual percentage is at most 60%.

Type II error: We conclude that most 60%Americans vote in presidential elections when, in fact, more than 60%do.

04

Explanation (Part c)

TypeIerror: One thinks the mean starting salary is less than 100,000, in fact, it really is at least 100,000

TypeIIerror: We conclude that the mean starting salary is at least 100,000when, in fact, it really is less than 100,000

05

Explanation (Part d)

TypeIerror: We conclude that the proportion of high school seniors who get drunk each month is not 29%, when it really is 29%.

TypeII error: We conclude that the proportion of high school seniors who get drunk each month is 29%when, in fact, it is not 29%

06

Explanation (Part e)

TypeIerror: One thinks fewer than 5%adults ride the bus to work in Los Angeles when the percentage that does is real 5%or more.

TypeIIerror: One thinks more adults 5%ride bus tow work.

07

Explanation (Part f)

TypeIerror: One thinks the mean number of cars a person owns in his or her lifetime is more than 10when in reality it is not more than 10.

TypeIIerror: One thinks the mean number of cars a person owns in his or her lifetime is not more than 10when, in fact, it really is more than 10.

08

Explanation (Part g)

TypeIerror: We conclude that the proportion of Americans who prefer to live away from cities is not about half, though the actual proportion is about half.

TypeIIerror: We conclude that the proportion of Americans who prefer to live away from cities is half when, in fact, it is not half.

09

Step 9:  Explanation (Part h)

TypeIerror: We conclude that the duration of paid vacations each year for Europeans is not six weeks when it really is six weeks.

TypeIIerror: We conclude that the duration of paid vacations each year for Europeans is six weeks when, in fact, it really is not.

10

Explanation (Part i)

TypeI error: One thinks the proportion is less than 11%when it is really at least 11%.

TypeII error: One thinks the proportion of women who develop breast cancer is at least 11%when it is really less than 11%.

11

Step 11:  Explanation (Part j)

TypeIerror: One thinks the average tuition cost at private universities is more than 20,000, though in reality, it is at most 20,000

TypeIIerror: One thinks that the average tuition cost at private universities is at most 20,000when, in fact, it is more than 20,000

The final result state that, Type Iand Type IIerrors in complete sentences given statements.

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