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Chapter 9: Q.54 (page 539)
A bottle of water is labeled as containing 16 fluid ounces of water. You believe it is less than that. What type of test would you use?
A left-tailed test will be used.
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"Untitled," by Stephen Chen
I've often wondered how software is released and sold to the public. Ironically, I work for a company that sells products with known problems. Unfortunately, most of the problems are difficult to create, which makes them difficult to fix. I usually use the test program X, which tests the product, to try to create a specific problem. When the test program is run to make an error occur, the likelihood of generating an error is.
So, armed with this knowledge, I wrote a new test program Y that will generate the same error that test programX creates, but more often. To find out if my test program is better than the original, so that I can convince the management that I'm right, I ran my test program to find out how often I can generate the same error. When I ran my test program times, I generated the error twice. While this may not seem much better, I think that I can convince the management to use my test program instead of the original test program. Am I right?
A statistics instructor believes that fewer than of Evergreen Valley College (EVC) students attended the opening night midnight showing of the latest Harry Potter movie. She surveys of her students and finds thatof them attended the midnight showing.
At a level of significance, an appropriate conclusion is:
a. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the percent of EVC students who attended the midnight showing of Harry Potter is less than.
b. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the percent of EVC students who attended the midnight showing of Harry Potter is more than
c. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the percent of EVC students who attended the midnight showing of Harry Potter is less than.
d. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that the percent of EVC students who attended the midnight showing of Harry Potter is at least
State the Type I and Type II errors in complete sentences given the following statements.
a. The mean number of years Americans work before retiring is 34.
b. At most 60% of Americans vote in presidential elections.
c. The mean starting salary for San Jose State University graduates is at least \(100,000 per year.
d. Twenty-nine percent of high school seniors get drunk each month.
e. Fewer than 5% of adults ride the bus to work in Los Angeles.
f. The mean number of cars a person owns in his or her lifetime is not more than ten.
g. About half of Americans prefer to live away from cities, given the choice.
h. Europeans have a mean paid vacation each year of six weeks.
i. The chance of developing breast cancer is under 11% for women.
j. Private universities mean tuition cost is more than \)20,000 per year.
For Americans using library services, the American Library Association claims that at most of patrons borrow books. The library director in Owensboro, Kentucky feels this is not true, so she asked a local college statistic class to conduct a survey. The class randomly selected patrons and found that borrowed books. Did the class demonstrate that the percentage was higher in Owensboro, KY? Use level of significance. What is the possible proportion of patrons that do borrow books from the Owensboro Library?
"William Shakespeare: The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark," by Jacqueline Ghodsi THE CHARACTERS (in
order of appearance):
• HAMLET, Prince of Denmark and student of Statistics
• POLONIUS, Hamlet’s tutor
• HOROTIO, friend to Hamlet and fellow student
Scene: The great library of the castle, in which Hamlet does his lessons
Act I
(The day is fair, but the face of Hamlet is clouded. He paces the large room. His tutor, Polonius, is reprimanding Hamlet
regarding the latter’s recent experience. Horatio is seated at the large table at right stage.)
POLONIUS: My Lord, how cans’t thou admit that thou hast seen a ghost! It is but a figment of your imagination!
HAMLET: I beg to differ; I know of a certainty that five-and-seventy in one hundred of us, condemned to the whips and
scorns of time as we are, have gazed upon a spirit of health, or goblin damn’d, be their intents wicked or charitable.
POLONIUS If thou doest insist upon thy wretched vision then let me invest your time; be true to thy work and speak to
me through the reason of the null and alternate hypotheses. (He turns to Horatio.) Did not Hamlet himself say, “What piece
of work is man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties? Then let not this foolishness persist. Go, Horatio, make a
survey of three-and-sixty and discover what the true proportion be. For my part, I will never succumb to this fantasy, but
deem man to be devoid of all reason should thy proposal of at least five-and-seventy in one hundred hold true.
HORATIO (to Hamlet): What should we do, my Lord?
HAMLET: Go to thy purpose, Horatio.
HORATIO: To what end, my Lord?
HAMLET: That you must teach me. But let me conjure you by the rights of our fellowship, by the consonance of our youth,
but the obligation of our ever-preserved love, be even and direct with me, whether I am right or no.
(Horatio exits, followed by Polonius, leaving Hamlet to ponder alone.)
Act II
(The next day, Hamlet awaits anxiously the presence of his friend, Horatio. Polonius enters and places some books upon the
table just a moment before Horatio enters.)
POLONIUS: So, Horatio, what is it thou didst reveal through thy deliberations?
HORATIO: In a random survey, for which purpose thou thyself sent me forth, I did discover that one-and-forty believe
fervently that the spirits of the dead walk with us. Before my God, I might not this believe, without the sensible and true
avouch of mine own eyes.
POLONIUS: Give thine own thoughts no tongue, Horatio. (Polonius turns to Hamlet.) But look to’t I charge you, my Lord.
Come Horatio, let us go together, for this is not our test. (Horatio and Polonius leave together.)
HAMLET: To reject, or not reject, that is the question: whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of
outrageous statistics, or to take arms against a sea of data, and, by opposing, end them. (Hamlet resignedly attends to his
task.)
(Curtain falls)
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