"Untitled," by Stephen Chen

I've often wondered how software is released and sold to the public. Ironically, I work for a company that sells products with

known problems. Unfortunately, most of the problems are difficult to create, which makes them difficult to fix. I usually

use the test program X, which tests the product, to try to create a specific problem. When the test program is run to make an

error occur, the likelihood of generating an error is 1%.

So, armed with this knowledge, I wrote a new test program Y that will generate the same error that test program X creates,

but more often. To find out if my test program is better than the original, so that I can convince the management that I'm

right, I ran my test program to find out how often I can generate the same error. When I ran my test program 50 times, I

generated the error twice. While this may not seem much better, I think that I can convince the management to use my test

program instead of the original test program. Am I right?

Many companies use a quality control technique called acceptance sampling to monitor incoming shipments of parts, raw materials, and so on. In the electronics industry, component parts are commonly shipped from suppliers in large lots.

Inspection of a sample of nn components can be viewed as the nn trials of a binomial experiment. The outcome for each component tested (trial) will be that the component is classified as good or defective.

Reynolds Electronics accepts a lot from a particular supplier if the defective components in the lot do not exceed 1%. Suppose a random sample of five items from a recent shipment is tested.

Assume that 1%% of the shipment is defective. Compute the probability that no items in the sample are defective. Assume that 1%% of the shipment is defective. Compute the probability that exactly one item in the sample is defective.

the probability of observing one or more defective items in the sample if 1%% of the shipment is defective that would feel comfortable accepting the shipment if one item was found to be defective