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Chapter 1: Q. 1.21 (page 37)

1.21 You are concerned about the effects of texting on driving performance. Design a study to test the response time

of drivers while texting and while driving only. How many seconds does it take for a driver to respond when a leading

car hits the brakes?

a. Describe the explanatory and response variables in the study.

b. What are the treatments?

c. What should you consider when selecting participants?

d. Your research partner wants to divide participants randomly into two groups: one to drive without distraction and

one to text and drive simultaneously. Is this a good idea? Why or why not?

e. Identify any lurking variables that could interfere with this study.

f. How can blinding be used in this study?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Explanatory variable=Texting at the time of driving.

Response variable=Response time of drivers.

(b) Presence and absence of texting while driving by drivers are the treatments.

(c) it is most important to consider the drivers with similar driving skills to participate in the study.

(d) Not a good idea.

(e) Lurking variables are

-Different age groups of drivers

-different gender drivers

-Experienced drivers

-Personal behaviour towards traffic.

(f) any prejudice on the side of the researcher would be eliminated.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. (a) Explanation

Explanatory variable=Texting at the time of driving.

Response variable=Response time of drivers.

02

Step 2. (b) Explanation

Presence and absence of texting while driving by drivers are the treatments.

03

Step 3. (c) Explanation

Driving skills of people irrespective of age and men and women are different from each other.

So, it is most important to consider the drivers with similar driving skills to participate in the study.

04

Step 4. (d) Explanation

It is not a practical alternative to separate participants into two groups and have them drive simultaneously, one with texting and the other without texting, because driving skills are directly tied to one's personal attributes. The disparities found could be attributable to more than just texting; they could also be due to one's personal characteristics. The ideal technique to do this type of study is to use a single sample. This sample starts with no texting and then switches to texting mode. In this case, the same subject's two scores can be compared, excluding the influence of personal characteristics.

05

Step 5. (e) Explanation

Lurking variables are

-Different age groups of drivers

-different gender drivers

-Experienced drivers

-Personal behaviour towards traffic.

06

Step 6. (f) Explanation

The researcher who takes note of the two response times must be unaware of which reading occurs while texting and which occurs while driving only. This is how any prejudice on the side of the researcher would be eliminated.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

1.13, Find the number of towns that have rainfall between 2.95 and 9.01 inches.

Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean) length of time in months patients live once they start the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 patients with AIDS from the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) are collected.

Researcher A:

3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34

Researcher B:

3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29

Determine what the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A.

population

Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean) length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients from the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) are collected.

Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34

Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29

List two reasons why the data may differ.

1.16 From Table 1.13, find the number of towns that have rainfall between 2.95 and 9.01 inches

Is a sample size of two representative of a population of five?
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