(M) Exercises 7-12 require MATLAB or other computational aid. In Exercises 7 and 8, use the power method with the \({{\bf{x}}_0}\) given. List \(\left\{ {{{\bf{x}}_k}} \right\}\) and \(\left\{ {{\mu _k}} \right\}\) for \(k = 1, \ldots .5.\) In Exercises 9 and 10, list \({\mu _5}\) and \({\mu _6}\).

10.\(A = \left( {\begin{aligned}{ {20}{r}}1&2&{ - 2}\\1&1&9\\0&1&9\end{aligned}} \right),{\rm{ }}{{\bf{x}}_0} = \left( {\begin{aligned}{ {20}{l}}1\\0\\0\end{aligned}} \right)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The values are shown below:

\(\begin{aligned}{l}{\mu _5} = 9.9319,\\{\mu _6} = 9.9872\end{aligned}\)

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Eigenvector

Eigenvectors, also known as characteristic vectors, appropriate vectors, or latent vectors, are a specific collection of vectors associated with a linear system of equations. Each eigenvector is associated with an eigenvalue.

02

Find the Eigenvalue

Use the power method for estimating a strictly dominant eigenvalue.

Let

\({x_0} = \left( {\begin{aligned}{ {20}{l}}1\\0\\0\end{aligned}} \right)\) and \(A = \left( {\begin{aligned}{ {20}{c}}1&2&{ - 2}\\1&1&9\\0&1&9\end{aligned}} \right)\)

In MATLAB, define \(x\) and \(A\), and use the given loop, which is based on the power method for estimating a strictly dominant eigenvalue:

For \({\rm{k}} = 0:6\)

\({\rm{y}} = {\rm{Ax}}\);

\(\left( {\max y,index} \right) = \max \left( {abs\left( y \right)} \right)\);

\(mu = \max ysign\left( {y\left( {index} \right)} \right)\)

x = (1/mu)* y

end

Note that we want to list \({\mu _k}\) for each \(k = 5\) and \(k = 6\), so sign ; is omitted from the end of the command row where \(\mu \) and \(x\) are calculated.

Therefore, \({\mu _5} = 9.9319\) and \({\mu _6} = 9.9872\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: Diagonalize the matrices in Exercises \({\bf{7--20}}\), if possible. The eigenvalues for Exercises \({\bf{11--16}}\) are as follows:\(\left( {{\bf{11}}} \right)\lambda {\bf{ = 1,2,3}}\); \(\left( {{\bf{12}}} \right)\lambda {\bf{ = 2,8}}\); \(\left( {{\bf{13}}} \right)\lambda {\bf{ = 5,1}}\); \(\left( {{\bf{14}}} \right)\lambda {\bf{ = 5,4}}\); \(\left( {{\bf{15}}} \right)\lambda {\bf{ = 3,1}}\); \(\left( {{\bf{16}}} \right)\lambda {\bf{ = 2,1}}\). For exercise \({\bf{18}}\), one eigenvalue is \(\lambda {\bf{ = 5}}\) and one eigenvector is \(\left( {{\bf{ - 2,}}\;{\bf{1,}}\;{\bf{2}}} \right)\).

10. \(\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{2}}&{\bf{3}}\\{\bf{4}}&{\bf{1}}\end{array}} \right)\)

Define\(T:{{\rm P}_3} \to {\mathbb{R}^4}\)by\(T\left( {\bf{p}} \right) = \left( {\begin{aligned}{{\bf{p}}\left( { - 3} \right)}\\{{\bf{p}}\left( { - 1} \right)}\\{{\bf{p}}\left( 1 \right)}\\{{\bf{p}}\left( 3 \right)}\end{aligned}} \right)\).

  1. Show that \(T\) is a linear transformation.
  2. Find the matrix for \(T\) relative to the basis \(\left\{ {1,t,{t^2},{t^3}} \right\}\)for \({{\rm P}_3}\)and the standard basis for \({\mathbb{R}^4}\).

Question: In Exercises 21 and 22, \(A\) and \(B\) are \(n \times n\) matrices. Mark each statement True or False. Justify each answer.

  1. If \(A\) is \(3 \times 3\), with columns \({{\rm{a}}_1}\), \({{\rm{a}}_2}\), and \({{\rm{a}}_3}\), then \(\det A\) equals the volume of the parallelepiped determined by \({{\rm{a}}_1}\), \({{\rm{a}}_2}\), and \({{\rm{a}}_3}\).
  2. \(\det {A^T} = \left( { - 1} \right)\det A\).
  3. The multiplicity of a root \(r\) of the characteristic equation of \(A\) is called the algebraic multiplicity of \(r\) as an eigenvalue of \(A\).
  4. A row replacement operation on \(A\) does not change the eigenvalues.

Consider an invertiblen × n matrix A such that the zero state is a stable equilibrium of the dynamical system x(t+1)=Ax(t)What can you say about the stability of the systems

x(t+1)=(A-2In)x(t)

Let\(G = \left( {\begin{aligned}{*{20}{c}}A&X\\{\bf{0}}&B\end{aligned}} \right)\). Use formula\(\left( {\bf{1}} \right)\)for the determinant in section\({\bf{5}}{\bf{.2}}\)to explain why\(\det G = \left( {\det A} \right)\left( {\det B} \right)\). From this, deduce that the characteristic polynomial of\(G\)is the product of the characteristic polynomials of\(A\)and\(B\).

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