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Chapter 1: Q19E (page 1)
Determine by inspection whether the vectors in Exercises 15-20 are linearly independent. Justify each answer.
19. \(\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - 8}\\{12}\\{ - 4}\end{array}} \right],\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2\\{ - 3}\\{ - 1}\end{array}} \right]\)
The set is linearly independent.
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In Exercises 11 and 12, determine if \({\rm{b}}\) is a linear combination of \({{\mathop{\rm a}\nolimits} _1},{a_2}\) and \({a_3}\).
11.\({a_1} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}1\\{ - 2}\\0\end{array}} \right],{a_2} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}0\\1\\2\end{array}} \right],{a_3} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}5\\{ - 6}\\8\end{array}} \right],{\mathop{\rm b}\nolimits} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}2\\{ - 1}\\6\end{array}} \right]\)
Find the general solutions of the systems whose augmented matrices are given as
14. \(\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}1&2&{ - 5}&{ - 6}&0&{ - 5}\\0&1&{ - 6}&{ - 3}&0&2\\0&0&0&0&1&0\\0&0&0&0&0&0\end{array}} \right]\).
Let \(T:{\mathbb{R}^n} \to {\mathbb{R}^n}\) be an invertible linear transformation, and let Sand U be functions from \({\mathbb{R}^n}\) into \({\mathbb{R}^n}\) such that \(S\left( {T\left( {\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} \right)} \right) = {\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} \) and \(\)\(U\left( {T\left( {\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} \right)} \right) = {\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} \) for all x in \({\mathbb{R}^n}\). Show that \(U\left( v \right) = S\left( v \right)\) for all v in \({\mathbb{R}^n}\). This will show that Thas a unique inverse, as asserted in theorem 9. (Hint: Given any v in \({\mathbb{R}^n}\), we can write \({\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} = T\left( {\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} \right)\) for some x. Why? Compute \(S\left( {\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} \right)\) and \(U\left( {\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} \right)\)).
Suppose \({{\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} _1},{{\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} _2},{{\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} _3}\) are distinct points on one line in \({\mathbb{R}^3}\). The line need not pass through the origin. Show that \(\left\{ {{{\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} _1},{{\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} _2},{{\mathop{\rm v}\nolimits} _3}} \right\}\) is linearly dependent.
Let \(A = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}1&0&{ - 4}\\0&3&{ - 2}\\{ - 2}&6&3\end{array}} \right]\) and \(b = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}4\\1\\{ - 4}\end{array}} \right]\). Denote the columns of \(A\) by \({{\mathop{\rm a}\nolimits} _1},{a_2},{a_3}\) and let \(W = {\mathop{\rm Span}\nolimits} \left\{ {{a_1},{a_2},{a_3}} \right\}\).
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