In Exercises 25-28, show that the given signal is a solution of the difference equation. Then find the general solution of that difference\({y_k} = {\bf{1}} + k\) equation.

; \({y_{k + {\bf{2}}}} - {\bf{8}}{y_{k + {\bf{1}}}} + {\bf{15}}{y_k} = {\bf{2}} + {\bf{8}}k\)

Short Answer

Expert verified

The given signal is the solution of the difference equation, and the general solution of the difference equation is \(y = {c_1}{\left( 3 \right)^k} + {c_2}{\left( 5 \right)^k} + \left( {1 + k} \right)\).

Step by step solution

01

Substitute \({\bf{1}} + k\) for \({y_k}\) in the difference equation

Use \({y_k} = {k^2}\) in the difference equation.

\(\begin{aligned} {y_{k + 2}} - 8{y_{k + 1}} + 15{y_k} &= \left( {k + 3} \right) - 8\left( {k + 2} \right) + 15\left( {k + 1} \right)\\ &= k + 3 - 8k - 16 + 15k + 15\\ &= 8k + 2\end{aligned}\)

So, the signal \({y_k} = 1 + k\) is the solution of the given difference equation.

02

Solve the auxiliary equation for the difference equation

The auxiliary equation for the difference equation \({y_{k + 2}} - 8{y_{k + 1}} + 15{y_k} = 8k + 2\) is obtained below:

\(\begin{aligned} {r^{k + 2}} - 8{r^{k + 1}} + 15{r^k} &= 0\\{r^k}\left( {{r^2} - 8r + 15} \right) &= 0\\{r^2} - 5r - 3r + 15 &= 0\\\left( {r - 3} \right)\left( {r - 5} \right) &= 0\\r &= 3,5\end{aligned}\)

So, the general solutions of the auxiliary set are \({3^k}\) and \({5^k}\).

03

Find the general solution

Thegeneral solution of the difference equation is

\(y = {c_1}{\left( 3 \right)^k} + {c_2}{\left( 5 \right)^k} + \left( {1 + k} \right)\).

So, the given signal is the solution of the difference equation, and the general solution of the difference equation is \(y = {c_1}{\left( 3 \right)^k} + {c_2}{\left( 5 \right)^k} + \left( {1 + k} \right)\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Exercise 5, find the coordinate vector \({\left( x \right)_{\rm B}}\) of x relative to the given basis \({\rm B} = \left\{ {{b_{\bf{1}}},...,{b_n}} \right\}\).

5. \({b_{\bf{1}}} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{1}}\\{ - {\bf{3}}}\end{array}} \right),{b_{\bf{2}}} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\bf{2}}\\{ - {\bf{5}}}\end{array}} \right),x = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{ - {\bf{2}}}\\{\bf{1}}\end{array}} \right)\)

(M) Show thatis a linearly independent set of functions defined on. Use the method of Exercise 37. (This result will be needed in Exercise 34 in Section 4.5.)

Which of the subspaces \({\rm{Row }}A\) , \({\rm{Col }}A\), \({\rm{Nul }}A\), \({\rm{Row}}\,{A^T}\) , \({\rm{Col}}\,{A^T}\) , and \({\rm{Nul}}\,{A^T}\) are in \({\mathbb{R}^m}\) and which are in \({\mathbb{R}^n}\) ? How many distinct subspaces are in this list?.

Prove theorem 3 as follows: Given an \(m \times n\) matrix A, an element in \({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} A\) has the form \(Ax\) for some x in \({\mathbb{R}^n}\). Let \(Ax\) and \(A{\mathop{\rm w}\nolimits} \) represent any two vectors in \({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} A\).

  1. Explain why the zero vector is in \({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} A\).
  2. Show that the vector \(A{\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} + A{\mathop{\rm w}\nolimits} \) is in \({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} A\).
  3. Given a scalar \(c\), show that \(c\left( {A{\mathop{\rm x}\nolimits} } \right)\) is in \({\mathop{\rm Col}\nolimits} A\).

Question: Exercises 12-17 develop properties of rank that are sometimes needed in applications. Assume the matrix \(A\) is \(m \times n\).

13. Show that if \(P\) is an invertible \(m \times m\) matrix, then rank\(PA\)=rank\(A\).(Hint: Apply Exercise12 to \(PA\) and \({P^{ - 1}}\left( {PA} \right)\).)

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