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Chapter 2: Q136E (page 139)

Volkswagen emissions scandal.Refer to the Significance(December 2015) study on estimating the number of U.S,deaths attributable to nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollutionproduced from illegal VW vehicles, Exercise 2.82 (p. 111).Recall that the researchers computed the estimate foreach of 27 different scenarios involving different valuesof three variables: total distance (in miles) driven by theseillegal VW vehicles, the amount by which the VW vehiclesexceeded the EPA standard for NOx, and the estimated association between NOx emissions and mortality. Summarystatistics for the estimated number of deaths are shown inthe accompanying Minitab printout. Suppose the media

have requested that the researchers provide a single statistic that best represents the center of the distribution of estimated deaths attributable to NOx pollution produced from the illegal VW vehicles. This statistic will be used to publicize the study findings.

a.If you work for Volkswagen and would like to diffuse the media’s reaction to the emissions scandal, which statistic would you choose to report and why?

b.If you support an environmental watch group and would like to incite the media to publicize the emissions scandal, which statistic would you choose to report and why?

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The descriptive statistics will be appropriate.

b. The descriptive statistics will be appropriate.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

There are 27 different scenarios involving different values of three variables.

02

For emissions scandal use statistic

a.

We use descriptive statistics in this case. It is helpful to summarize the data to find emissions scandal.

03

Find the category of media to publicize emissions scandal use statistic

b.

We use descriptive statistics in this case also. It is helpful to summarize the data to find emissions scandal.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compare the z-scores to decide which of the following x values lie the greatest distance above the mean and the greatest distance below the mean.

a. x=100,  μ=50,  σ=25b. x=1,  μ=4,  σ=1c. x=0,  μ=200,  σ=100d.x=10,  μ=5,  σ=3

In terms of percentiles, define QL, QM and QU

Network server downtime.A manufacturer of network computer server systems is interested in improving its customer support services. As a first step, its marketing department has been charged with the responsibility of summarizing the extent of customer problems in terms of system downtime. The 40 most recent customers were surveyed to determine the amount of downtime (in hours) they had experienced during the previous month. These data are listed in the table.

Customer Number

Downtime

Customer Number

Downtime

230

12

250

4

231

16

251

10

232

5

252

15

233

16

253

7

234

21

254

20

235

29

255

9

236

38

256

22

237

14

257

18

238

47

258

28

239

0

259

19

240

24

260

34

241

15

261

26

242

13

262

17

243

8

263

11

244

2

264

64

245

11

265

19

246

22

266

18

247

17

267

24

248

31

268

49

249

10

269

50

a.Construct a box plot for these data. Use the information reflected in the box plot to describe the frequency distribution of the data set. Your description should address central tendency, variation, and skewness.

b.Use your box plot to determine which customers are having unusually lengthy downtimes.

c.Find and interpret the z-scores associated with the customers you identified in part b.

Lead in drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets a limit on the amount of lead permitted in drinking water. The EPA Action Level for lead is .015 milligram per liter (mg/L) of water. Under EPA guidelines, if 90% of a water system’s study samples have a lead concentration less than .015 mg/L, the water is considered safe for drinking. I (coauthor Sincich) received a recent report on a study of lead levels in the drinking water of homes in my subdivision. The 90th percentile of the study sample had a lead concentration of .00372 mg/L. Are water customers in my subdivision at risk of drinking water with unhealthy lead levels? Explain.

Corporate sustainability of CPA firms.Refer to the Business and Society(March 2011) study on the sustainability behaviors of CPA corporations, Exercise 2.23 ( p. 83). Recall that level of support for corporate sustainability (measured on a quantitative scale ranging from 0 to 160 points) was obtained for each of 992 senior managers at CPA firms. Numerical measures of central tendency for level of support are shown in the accompanying Minitab printout.

Descriptive Statistics: Support

Variable

Support

N

Mean

Minimum

Median

Maximum

Mode

N for mode

992

67.755

0.000

68.000

155.000

64

20

a.Locate the mean on the printout. Comment on the accuracy of the statement: “On average, the level of support for corporate sustainability for the 992 senior managers was 67.76 points.”

b.Locate the median on the printout. Comment on the accuracy of the statement: “Half of the 992 senior managers reported a level of support for corporate sustainability below 68 points.”

c.Locate the mode on the printout. Comment on the accuracy of the statement: “Most of the 992 senior managers reported a level of support for corporate sustainability below 64 points.”

d.Based on the values of the measures of central tendency, make a statement about the type of skewness (if any) that exists in the distribution of 992 support levels. Check your answer by examining the histogram shown in Exercise 2.23.
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