41. Literacy rates Do males have higher average literacy rates than females in Islamic countries? The table below shows the percent of men and women at least $15$years old who were literate in $2008$in the major Islamic nations. (We omitted countries with populations of less than$3$million.) Data for a few nations, such as Afghanistan and Iraq, were not available.

Data for a few nations, such as:

Random, Normal, and Independent requirements for two-sample $t$methods is:
The date must be chosen at random. Because the data is of all Islamic nations with populations of more than $3$million (excluding Afghanistan and Iraq), having data on more than $10\%$ of all Islamic nations, the Independent criteria is not met.
Furthermore, the samples are not independent, which also contradicts the condition of independence.
The normal requirement is not met because both samples are tiny (less than $30$), and the normal probability plot of Male percent has a high curve (reflecting that this distribution is not quite normal).

Probability plot for women as:

Probability plot for Men as:

The data points of men and female percent are not independent.
As a result, the independent and normal requirements are not met.