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Chapter 3: Q 72. (page 196)
The slope of the line in the figure above is closest to
The correct option is (c)
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Do heavier people burn more energy? The study of dieting described in Exercise 10 collected data on the lean body mass (in kilograms) and metabolic rate (in calories) for female andmale subjects. The figure below is a scatterplot of the data for all subjects, with separate symbols for males and females.
Does the same overall pattern hold for both women and men? What is the most important difference between the sexes?
Oil and residuals The Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline is a tube that is formed from -inch-thick steel and carries oil across miles of sensitive arctic and subarctic terrain. The pipe segments and the welds that join them were carefully examined before installation. How accurate are field measurements of the depth of small defects? The figure below compares the results of measurements on defects made in the field with measurements of the same defects made in the laboratory. The line is drawn on the scatterplot.
(a) Describe the overall pattern you see in the scatterplot, as well as any deviations from that pattern.
(b) If field and laboratory measurements all agree, then the points should fall on the line drawn on the plot, except for small variations in the measurements. Is this the case? Explain.
(c) The line drawn on the scatterplot is not the least-squares regression line. How would the slope and intercept of the least-squares line compare? Justify your answer.
How sensitive to changes in water temperature are coral reefs? To find out, measure the growth of corals in aquariums where the water temperature is controlled at different levels. Growth is measured by weighing the coral before and after the experiment. What are the explanatory and response variables? Are they categorical or quantitative?
Airlines have increasingly outsourced the maintenance of their planes to other companies. Critics say that the maintenance may be less carefully done so outsourcing creates a safety hazard. As evidence, they point to government data on the percent of major maintenance outsourced and the percent of flight delays blamed on the airline (often due to maintenance problems): Make a scatterplot by hand that shows how delays relate to outsourcing.
Correlation blunders Each of the following statements contains an error. Explain what’s wrong in each case.
(a) “There is a high correlation between the gender of American workers and their income.”
(b) “We found a high correlation between students’ ratings of faculty teaching and ratings made by other faculty members.”
(c) “The correlation between planting rate and yield of corn was found to be bushel.”
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