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Chapter 3: Q.30 (page 163)
If women always married men who were years older than themselves, what would the correlation between the ages of husband and wife be?
(a) (c) (e) Can’t tell without
(b) (d) seeing the data
The correlation between the ages of husband and wife be .
The answer is Option (b)
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Born to be old? Is there a relationship between the gestational period (time from conception to birth) of an animal and its average life span? The figure shows a scatterplot of the gestational period and average life span for species of animals.
(a) Describe the direction, form, and strength of the scatterplot.
(b) Three “unusual” points are labeled on the graph: Point is for the hippopotamus, Point is for the giraffe, and Point is for the Asian elephant. In what way is each of these animals “unusual”?
Do heavier people burn more energy? The study of dieting described in Exercise 10 collected data on the lean body mass (in kilograms) and metabolic rate (in calories) for female andmale subjects. The figure below is a scatterplot of the data for all subjects, with separate symbols for males and females.
Does the same overall pattern hold for both women and men? What is the most important difference between the sexes?
The graph at the top right plots the gas mileage (miles per gallon) of various cars from the same model year versus the weight of these cars in thousands of pounds. The points marked with red dots correspond to cars made in Japan. From this plot, we may conclude that
(a) there is a positive association between weight and gas mileage for Japanese cars.
(b) the correlation between weight and gas mileage for all the cars is close to .
(c) there is little difference between Japanese cars and cars made in other countries.
(d) Japanese cars tend to be lighter in weight than other cars.
(e) Japanese cars tend to get worse gas mileage than other cars.
The scatterplots below show four sets of real data:
(a) repeats the manatee plot in Figures
(b) shows the number of named tropical storms and the number predicted before the start of hurricane season each year between and by William Gray of Colorado State University;
(c) plots the healing rate in micrometers (millionths of a meter) per hour for the two front limbs of several newts in an experiment; and
(d) shows stock market performance in consecutive years over a -year period.
The scatterplot in (b) contains an outlier: the disastrous season, which had named storms, including Hurricane Katrina. What effect would remove this point have on the correlation? Explain.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Do students with higher IQ test scores tend to do better in school? The figure below shows a scatterplot of IQ and school grade point average (GPA) for all seventh-grade students in a rural midwestern school. GPA was recorded on a -point scale with ,
(a) Say in words what a positive association betweenIQ and GPA would mean. Does the plot show a positive association?
(b) What is the form of the relationship? Is it very strong? Explain your answers.
(c) At the bottom of the plot are several points that we might call outliers. One student, in particular, has a very low GPA despite an average IQ score. What are the approximate IQ and GPA of this student?
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