Daytime running lights Canada requires that cars be equipped with “daytime running lights,”

headlights that automatically come on at a low level when the car is started. Some manufacturers are now equipping cars sold in the United States with running lights. Will running lights reduce

accidents by making cars more visible? An experiment conducted in a driving simulator suggests that the answer may be “Yes.” What concerns would you have about generalizing the results of such an experiment?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Simulator users are also likely to be in a different mindset than they are when driving in life.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Daytime running lights can help to decrease accidents by increasing visibility during the day. The usage of daytime running lights also aids drivers in determining the vehicle's size.

02

Concept

Human studies must be approved by an institutional review board in advance. Before taking part, all participants must express their informed consent. Any information regarding the study participants must be kept private.

03

Explanation

It is stated in the question that cars in Canada must have daytime running lights and headlights that automatically turn on at a low level when the car is started. As a result, one of our worries about extrapolating the results of such an experiment is that a driving simulator is unlikely to accurately represent all driving circumstances. Simulator users are also likely to be in a different mindset than they are when driving in real life.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Online polls In June 2008, Parade magazine posed the following question: “Should drivers be banned from using all cell phones?” Readers were encouraged to vote online at parade.com. The July13,2008 issue of Parade reported the results: 2407(85%) said “Yes” and 410(15%) said “No.”

(a) What type of sample did the Parade survey obtain?

(b) Explain why this sampling method is biased. Is 85% probably higher or lower than the true percent of all adults who believe that cell phone use while

driving should be banned? Why?

In an interesting experiment, researchers examined the effect of ultrasound on birth weight. Pregnant women participating in the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group of women received an ultrasound; the second group did not. When the subjects’ babies were born, their birth weights were recorded. The women who received the ultrasounds had heavier babies.

Did the experimental design take the placebo effect into account? Why is this important?

Seat belt uses A study in El Paso, Texas, looked at seat belt use by drivers. Drivers were observed at randomly chosen convenience stores. After they left their cars, they were invited to answer questions that included questions about seat belt use. In all, 75% said they always used seat belts, yet only 61.5% were wearing seat belts when they pulled into the store parking lots.16 Explain the reason for the bias observed in responses to the survey. Do you expect bias in the same direction in most surveys about seat belt use?

Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or non sampling error, and explain your answers.

(a) The telephone directory is used as a sampling frame.

(b) The person cannot be contacted in five calls.

(c) Interviewers choose people walking by on the sidewalk to interview.

2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that 84% of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question:

Internet charges (2.1) Some Internet service providers (ISPs) charge companies based on how much bandwidth they use in a month. One method that ISPs use for calculating bandwidth is to find the 95th percentile of a company’s usage-based on samples of hundreds of 5-minute intervals during a month.

(a) Explain what “95th percentile” means in this setting.

(b) Which would cost a company more: the 95th percentile method or a similar approach using the

98th percentile? Justify your answer.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free