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Chapter 4: Q 2. (page 226)

Student archaeologists An archaeological dig turns up large numbers of pottery shards, broken stone tools, and other artifacts. Students working on the project classify each artifact and assign it a number. The counts in different categories are important for understanding the site, so the project director chooses 2% of the artifacts at random and checks the students’ work. Identify the population and the sample.

Short Answer

Expert verified

A sample survey picks a group of people from a larger group of people about whom we want to learn more. The data from the sample is used to draw inferences about the population. It's critical to be specific about the demographic you're interested in and the characteristics you'll track.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Many ceramic shards, broken stone tools, and other artefacts were discovered, and students working on the project classified and numbered each one.

02

Concept

Random sampling uses chance to select a sample

03

Explanation

Population: The population refers to the entire group of people for whom information is required. A large number of pottery shards, broken stone implements, and other artifacts identify the site's population.

Sample: A sample is a tiny portion of a population for which data is being collected. The artifacts are defined by the sample, which is chosen at random from the site.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Customer satisfaction A department store mails a customer satisfaction survey to people who make credit card purchases at the store. This month, 45,000

people made credit card purchases. Surveys are mailed to 1000 of these people, chosen at random, and 137 people return the survey form. Identify the

population and the sample.

Close shave Which of two brands of electric razor shaves closer? Describe how you would design and carry out an experiment to answer this question using

50adult male volunteers.

Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or non sampling error, and explain your answers.

(a) The telephone directory is used as a sampling frame.

(b) The person cannot be contacted in five calls.

(c) Interviewers choose people walking by on the sidewalk to interview.

2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that 84% of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question:

Effects of binge drinking A common definition of “binge drinking” is 5 or more drinks at one sitting for men and 4 or more for women. An observational study

finds that students who binge drink have lower average GPA than those who don’t. Identify a lurking variable that may be confounded with the effects of binge drinking. Explain how confounding might occur.

Wording bias Comment on each of the following as a potential sample survey question. Is the question clear? Is it slanted toward the desired response?

(a) “Some cell phone users have developed brain cancer. Should all cell phones come with a warning label explaining the danger of using cell phones?”

(b) “Do you agree that a national system of health insurance should be favored because it would provide health insurance for everyone and would reduce

administrative costs?”

(c) “In view of escalating environmental degradation and incipient resource depletion, would you favor economic incentives for recycling of resource-intensive consumer goods?”
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