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Chapter 4: Q 52. (page 253)

Internet telephone calls You can use Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) to make long-distance

telephone calls over the Internet. How will the cost affect the use of this service? A university plans an experiment to find out. It will offer the service to all 350 students in one of its dormitories. Some students will pay a low flat rate. Others will pay higher rates at peak periods and very low rates off-peak. The university is interested in the amount and time of use and inthe effect on the congestion of the network.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Subjects: The students in the dormitory picked.

Explanatory variable: composition of prices.

Treatments: one flat rate payable or one on / off peak rate payable.

Variables of response: quantity, time and overall network utilization.

Step by step solution

01

Given information  

The experimental units, explanatory and response variables, and treatments must all be identified.

02

Concept

The treatments are randomly assigned to all of the experimental units in a completely randomized design.

In a double-blind experiment, neither the subjects nor the persons who interact with them and evaluate their responses are aware of the therapy they received.

Observational research looks at people and assesses factors of interest without trying to affect their responses.

Individuals are purposely subjected to a treatment in order to measure their responses in an experiment.

03

Explanation

A specific disorder is referred to as a treatment for participants in a study.

The students in the dorm choose the subjects.

Price composition is an explanatory variable.

Treatments include a single flat cost or an on/off-peak rate.

Quantity, time, and total network use are the response variables.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Chocolate and happy babies A University of Helsinki (Finland) study wanted to determine if chocolate consumption during pregnancy had an effect on infant temperament at age of 6 months. Researchers began by asking 305 healthy pregnant women to report their chocolate consumption. Six months after birth, the researchers asked mothers to rate their infants’ temperament, including smiling, laughter, and fear. The babies born to women who had been eating chocolate daily during pregnancy were found to be more active and “positively reactive”—a measure that the investigators said encompasses traits like smiling and laughter.

(a) Was this an observational study or an experiment? Justify your answer.

(b) What are the explanatory and response variables?

(c) Does this study show that eating chocolate regularly during pregnancy helps produce infants with a good temperament? Explain.

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