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Chapter 4: Q 66. (page 256)

Prayer and meditation You read in a magazine that “nonphysical treatments such as meditation and prayer have been shown to be effective in controlled scientific studies for such ailments as high blood pressure, insomnia, ulcers, and asthma.” Explain in simple language what the article means by “controlled scientific studies.” Why can such studies provide good evidence that meditation is an effective

treatment for high blood pressure?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The variation don't exist by chance.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

“Nonphysical treatments such as meditation and prayer have been shown to be effective in controlled scientific studies for such ailments as high blood pressure, insomnia, ulcers, and asthma.”

02

Explanation

The observed variations does not exist just by chance. There is no possibility that variation occur. The changes found are important and they can be linked with treatments.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Killing weeds A biologist would like to determine which of two brands of weed killer is less likely to harm the plants in a garden at the university. Before spraying near the plants, the biologist decides to conduct an experiment using 24 individual plants. Which of the following two plans for randomly assigning the treatments should the biologist use? Why?

Plan A: Choose the 12healthiest-looking plants.

Apply Brand X weed killer to all 12of those plants.

Apply Brand Y weed killer to the remaining 12plants.

Plan B: Choose 12of the 24plants at random. Apply

Brand X weed killer to those 12plants and Brand Y

weed killer to the remaining 12plants.

What kind of error? Which of the following are sources of sampling error and which are sources of non-sampling error? Explain your answers.

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(b) A typing error is made in recording the data.

(c) Data are gathered by asking people to mail in a coupon printed in a newspaper.

When we take a census, we attempt to collect data from

(a) a stratified random sample.

(b) every individual selected in an SRS.

(c) every individual in the population.

(d) a voluntary response sample.

(e) a convenience sample.

Is yawning contagious?According to the popular TV show Mythbusters, the answer is “Yes.” In the March 9,2005, episode, the Mythbusters team presented the results of an experiment involving 50subjects. All the subjects were placed in a booth for an extended period of time and monitored by hidden camera. Two-thirds of the subjects were given a “yawn seed” by one of the experimenters; that is, the experimenter yawned in the subject’s presence prior to leaving the room. The remaining subjects were given no yawn seed. What were the results? Of the 16subjects who had no yawn seed, 4 yawned. Of the 34 subjects given a yawn seed, 10 yawned. Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, the cohosts of Mythbusters, used these results to conclude that yawning is contagious.

(a) Explain how you could use slips of paper to randomly reassign the subjects to the treatment groups.

(b) Suppose we used your method in (a) to redo the random assignment 50 times. The Fathom dotplot displays the number of subjects in the yawn seed who yawned in each of these random assignments. What conclusion would you draw about whether yawning is contagious? Explain.

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