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Chapter 4: Q AP1.3. (page 276)
A large set of test scores has a mean and a standard deviation of If each score is doubled, and then is subtracted from the result, the mean and standard deviation of the new scores are
The correct option is (b)
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Growing in the shade Ability to grow in shade may help pines found in the dry forests of Arizona to resist drought. How well do these pines grow in shade?
Investigators planted pine seedlings in a greenhouse in either full light, lightly reduced to of normal by shade cloth, or light reduced to of normal. At
the end of the study, they dried the young trees and weighed them.
Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or non sampling error, and explain your answers.
(a) The telephone directory is used as a sampling frame.
(b) The person cannot be contacted in five calls.
(c) Interviewers choose people walking by on the sidewalk to interview.
2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question:
Dead trees On the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park, many mature pine trees are dying due to infestation by pine beetles. Scientists would like to
use sampling to estimate the proportion of all pine trees in the area that have been infected.
(a) Explain why it wouldn’t be practical for scientists to obtain an SRS in this setting.
(b) A possible alternative would be to use every pine tree along the park’s main road as a sample. Why is this sampling method biased?
(c) Suppose that a more complicated random sampling plan is carried out, and that of the pine trees in the sample are infested by the pine beetle. Can
scientists conclude that 35% of all the pine trees on the west side of the park are infested? Why or why not?
Do you trust the Internet? You want to ask a sample of high school students the question “How much do you trust information about health that you find on the Internet—a great deal, somewhat, not much, or not at all?” You try out this and other questions on a pilot group of students chosen from your class. The class members are listed at the top right.
(a) Explain how you would use a line of Table D to choose an SRS of students from the following list. Explain your method clearly enough for a classmate to obtain your results.
(b) Use line to select the sample. Show how you use each of the digits.
Systematic random sample Sample surveys often use a systematic random sample to choose a sample of apartments in a large building or housing units in a block at the last stage of a multistage sample. Here is a description of how to choose a systematic random sample. Suppose that we must choose addresses out of Because we can think of the list as four lists of addresses. Choose of the first addresses at random using Table D. The sample contains this address and the addresses and places down the list from it. If the table gives for example, then the systematic random sample consists of the addresses numbered and
(a) Use Table D to choose a systematic random sample of addresses from a list of Enter the table at line
(b) Like an SRS, a systematic random sample gives all individuals the same chance to be chosen. Explain why this is true. Then explain carefully why a systematic sample is not an SRS.
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