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Chapter 1: Q. 10 (page 22)
The solutions also deals with the percentages of email spam and the email failing
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Marginal distributions aren’t the whole story Here are the row and column totals for a two-way table with two rows and two columns:
Find two different sets of counts and for the body of the table that gives these same totals. This shows that the relationship between two variables cannot be obtained from the two individual distributions of the variables.
Deaths among young people Among persons aged to years in the United States, the leading causes of death and number of deaths in a recent year were
as follows: accidents, ; homicide, ; suicide, ; cancer, ; heart disease, ; congenital defects,
(a) Make a bar graph to display these data.
(b) To make a pie chart, you need one additional piece of information. What is it?
Researchers from Amherst College studied the relationship between varieties of the tropical flower Heliconia on the island of Dominica and the different species of hummingbirds that fertilize the flowers. Over time, the researchers believe, the lengths of the flowers and the forms of the hummingbirds’ beaks have evolved to match each other. If that is true, flower varieties fertilized by different hummingbird species should have distinct distributions of length. The table below gives length measurements (in millimeters) for samples of three varieties of Heliconia, each fertilized by a different species of hummingbird. Do these data support the researchers’ belief? Follow the four-step process
Here, once again, is the stem plot of travel times to work for randomly selected New Yorkers. Earlier, we found that the median was minutes.
Based only on the stem plot, would you expect the mean travel time to be less than, about the same as, or larger than the median? Why?
Cool car colors The most popular colors for cars and light trucks change over time. Silver passed green in to become the most popular color worldwide, then gave way to shades of white in . Here is the distribution of colors for vehicles sold in North America in
(a) What percent of vehicles had colors other than those listed?
(b) Display these data in a bar graph. Be sure to label your axes and title your graph.
(c) Would it be appropriate to make a pie chart of these data? Explain.
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