Race and the death penalty Whether a convicted murderer gets the death penalty seems to be influenced by the race of the victim. Here are data on

$326$ cases in which the defendant was convicted of murder:

(a) Use these data to make a two-way table of the defendant’s race (white or black) versus the death penalty (yes or no).

(b) Show that Simpson’s paradox holds: a higher percent of white defendants are sentenced to death overall, but for both black and white victims a higher percent of black defendants are sentenced to death.

(c) Use the data to explain why the paradox holds in the language that a judge could understand.

Given data :

Data concerning two categorical variables are organized in a two-way table of counts. Two-way tables are frequently used to summarize vast volumes of data by categorizing outcomes.

We create a two-way table comparing the defendant's race (white or black) vs. the death penalty (yes or no) using the data provided, as shown below. A two-way table is generated as a result.

According to the data below, $11.875$percent of white defendants have received the death penalty, while $10.24$percent of black defendants have received the death penalty, and $14$percent of white victims and $5.36$percent of black victims have received the death penalty. As a result, Simpson’s paradox holds because $11.875\%$of while defendants have got.

In the instance of White Victims, $14\%$ were sentenced to death. 11.86 percent of white defendants have received the death penalty. $5.36$percent of black victims have received the death penalty. $10.24$ percent of black defendants have received the death penalty. When compared to white victims and white defendants, black victims and black defendants receive a lower percentage of the death penalty.