The appropriate null hypothesis for performing a chi-square test is that
(a) equal proportions of female and male teenagers are almost certain they will be married in years.
(b) there is no difference between female and male teenagers in this sample in their distributions of opinions about marriage.
(c) there is no difference between female and male teenagers in the population in their distributions of opinions about marriage.
(d) there is no association between gender and opinion about marriage in the sample.
(e) there is no association between gender and opinion about marriage in the population.