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Chapter 5: Q 62. (page 312)

Treating low bone density (4.2) Fractures of the spine are common and serious among women with advanced osteoporosis (low mineral density in the

bones). Can taking strontium ranelate help? A large medical trial assigned 1649 women to take either strontium ranelate or a placebo each day. All of

the subjects had osteoporosis and had had at least one fracture. All were taking calcium supplements and receiving standard medical care. The response variables were measurements of bone density and counts of new fractures over three years. The subjects were treated at 10 medical centers in 10 different countries.9 Outline an appropriate design for this experiment. Explain why this is the proper design.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The design that has been outlined is appropriate.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given Information

1649 women with at least one fracture were recruited for the study. These women will be treated at ten medical centers in ten different nations.

02

Step 2. Concept Used

Definition of the probability addition theorem: Assume A and B are two events in a random experiment, and you want to know whether A or B has a higher likelihood. Then apply the probability addition theorem.

03

Step 3. Explanation

The experiment is outlined as:

Because subjects were chosen at random for treatment and a placebo group was included in the experiment, the specified design is said to be suitable.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Playing cards Shuffle a standard deck of playing cards and deal one card. Define events J: getting a jack, and R: getting a red card.

(a) Construct a two-way table that describes the sample space in terms of events J and R.

(b) Find P(J) and P(R).

(c) Describe the event “J and R” in words. Then find P(JandR)

(d) Explain why P(JorR)≠P(J)+P(R) Then use the general addition rule to compute P(JorR).

Liar, liar! Sometimes police use a lie detector (also known as a polygraph) to help determine whether a suspect is telling the truth. A lie detector test isn’t foolproof—sometimes it suggests that a person is lying when they’re actually telling the truth (a “false positive”). Other times, the test says that the suspect is being truthful when the person is actually lying (a “false negative”). For one brand of polygraph machine, the probability of a false positive is 0.08.
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P(A)P(T)P(A|T)P(T|A)

You read in a book about bridge that the probability that each of the four players is dealt exactly one ace is about 0.11 This means that (a) in every100 bridge deals, each player has one ace exactly 11 times.

(b) in one million bridge deals, the number of deals on which each player has one ace will be exactly 110,000

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(d) in a very large number of bridge deals, the average number of aces in a hand will be very close to 0.11

(e) None of these

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