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Chapter 4: Q. 2 (page 236)

Student archaeologists An archaeological dig turns up large numbers of pottery shards,

broken stone tools, and other artifacts. Students working on the project classify each

artifact and assign a number to it. The counts in different categories are important for

understanding the site, so the project director chooses 2%of the artifacts at random and

checks the students’ work. Identify the population and the sample.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Population: Pottery shards discovered during the dig.

Sample:Two percent of ceramic shards

Step by step solution

01

Given information

We have to find the population and the sample

02

Explanation

A sample survey picks a group of people from a larger group of people about whom we wish to learn more.

Pottery shards discovered during the dig.

Two percent of ceramic shards are verified as a sample.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Kissing the right way According to a newspaper article, “Most people are kissing the

‘right way.’” That is, according to a study, the majority of couples prefer to tilt their heads

to the right when kissing. In the study, a researcher observed a random sample of124

kissing couples and found that 8312466.9%of the couples tilted to the right. To

determine if these data provide convincing evidence that couples are more likely to tilt

their heads to the right, 100simulated SRSs were selected.

Each dot in the graph shows the number of couples that tilt to the right in a simulated SRS

of124couples, assuming that each couple has a 50%chance of tilting to the right.

a. Explain how the graph illustrates the concept of sampling variability.

b. Based on the data from the study and the results of the simulation, is there convincing

evidence that couples prefer to kiss the “right way”? Explain your answer.

Growing in the shade- The ability to grow in shade may help pine trees found in the dry forests of Arizona to resist drought. How well do these pines grow in shade? Investigators planted pine seedlings in a greenhouse in either full light, light reduced to 25% of normal by shade cloth, or light reduced to 5% of normal. At the end of

the study, they dried the young trees and weighed them. Identify the experimental units and the treatments.

Online polls Parade magazine posed the following question: “Should drivers be banned

from using all cell phones?” Readers were encouraged to vote online at parade.com. The

subsequent issue of Parade reported the results:2407(85%)said “Yes” and 410(15%)

said “No.”

a. What type of sample did the Parade survey obtain?

b. Explain why this sampling method is biased. Is 85%probably greater than or less than

the true percent of all adults who believe that all cell phone use while driving should be

banned? Why?

Close shave Which of two brands (XorY)of electric razor shaves closer? Researchers

want to design and carry out an experiment to answer this question using 50adult male

volunteers. Here’s one idea: Have all 50subjects shave the left sides of their faces with the

Brand Xrazor and shave the right sides of their faces with the Brand Yrazor. Then have

each man decide which razor gave the closer shave and compile the results.

a. Identify any flaws you see in the proposed design for this experiment.

b. Describe how you would design the experiment. Explain how your design addresses

each of the problems you identified in part (a).

Dead trees On the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park, many mature pine trees are dying due to infestation by pine beetles. Scientists would like to use sampling to estimate the proportion of all pine trees in this area that have been infested.

a. Explain why it wouldn’t be practical for scientists to obtain an SRS in this setting.

b. A possible alternative would be to use every pine tree along the park’s main road as a sample. Why is this sampling method biased?

c. Suppose that a more complicated random sampling plan is carried out, and that 35% of the pine trees in the sample are infested by the pine beetle. Can scientists conclude that exactly 35% of all the pine trees on the west side of the park are infested? Why or why not?
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