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Chapter 4: Q. T4.8 (page 290)

Bias in a sampling method is

a. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population.

b. the difference between the sample result and the truth about the population due to

using chance to select a sample.

c. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population due to

practical difficulties such as contacting the subjects selected.

d. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population that

tends to occur in the same direction whenever you use this sampling method.

e. racism or sexism on the part of those who take the sample.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct option is:

c. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population due to practical difficulties such as contacting the subjects selected.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

We have been given four options from which we have to select the correct one.

a. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population.

b. the difference between the sample result and the truth about the population due to

using chance to select a sample.

c. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population due to

practical difficulties such as contacting the subjects selected.

d. any difference between the sample result and the truth about the population that

tends to occur in the same direction whenever you use this sampling method.

e. racism or sexism on the part of those who take the sample.

02

Explanation

Selection bias occurs when a portion of the population is excluded, measurement or response bias occurs when a method produces numbers that differ from the true value, and nonresponse bias occurs when data is not available for everyone in the sample.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A popular website places opinion poll questions next to many of its news stories. Simply

click your response to join the sample. One of the questions was “Do you plan to diet this

year?” More than 30,000 people responded, with 68% saying “Yes.” Which of the

following is true?

a. About 68% of Americans planned to diet.

b. The poll used a convenience sample, so the results tell us little about the population of

all adults.

c. The poll uses voluntary response, so the results tell us little about the population of all

adults.

d. The sample is too small to draw any conclusion.

e. None of these.

High-speed Internet Laying fiber-optic cable is expensive. Cable companies want to make sure that if they extend their lines to less dense suburban or rural areas, there will be sufficient demand so the work will be cost-effective. They decide to conduct a survey to determine the proportion of households in a rural subdivision that would buy the service. They select a simple random sample of 5blocks in the subdivision and survey each family that lives on one of those blocks.

a. What is the name for this kind of sampling method?

b. Give a possible reason why the cable company chose this method.

Layoffs and “survivor guilt” Workers who survive a layoff of other employees at their location may suffer from “survivor guilt.” A study of survivor guilt and its effects used as subjects 120students who were offered an opportunity to earn extra course credit by doing proofreading. Each subject worked in the same cubicle as another student, who was an accomplice of the experimenters. At a break midway through the work, one of three things happened:

Treatment 1: The accomplice was told to leave; it was explained that this was because she performed poorly.

Treatment 2: It was explained that unforeseen circumstances meant there was only enough work for one person. By “chance,” the accomplice was chosen to be laid off.

Treatment 3: Both students continued to work after the break. The subjects’ work performance after the break was compared with their performance before the break. Overall, subjects worked harder when told the other student’s dismissal was random.

Describe how you would randomly assign the subjects to the treatments

a. using slips of paper.

b. using technology.

c. using Table D.

Improving response rate -How can we reduce the rate of refusals in telephone surveys? Most people who answer at all listen to the interviewer’s introductory remarks and then decide whether to continue. One study made telephone calls to randomly selected households to ask opinions about the next election. In some calls, the interviewer gave her name; in others, she identified the university she was representing; and in still others, she identified both herself and the university. For each type of call, the interviewer either did or did not offer to send a copy of the final survey results to the person interviewed.

a. List the factors in this experiment and state how many levels each factor has.

b. If the researchers used every possible combination to form the treatments, how many treatments were included in the experiment?

c. List two of the treatments.

Online polls Parade magazine posed the following question: “Should drivers be banned

from using all cell phones?” Readers were encouraged to vote online at parade.com. The

subsequent issue of Parade reported the results:2407(85%)said “Yes” and 410(15%)

said “No.”

a. What type of sample did the Parade survey obtain?

b. Explain why this sampling method is biased. Is 85%probably greater than or less than

the true percent of all adults who believe that all cell phone use while driving should be

banned? Why?
See all solutions

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