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Chapter 1: Q. 53. (page 48)
U.S. women’s soccer—2016 Refer to Exercise 47. Describe the distribution.
Right skewed
Single peak at 1 goal
Gap between 6 and 8 goals
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Enhancing creativity Do external rewards—things like money, praise, fame, and grades —promote creativity? Researcher Teresa Amabile recruited 47 experienced creative writers who were college students and divided them at random into two groups. The students in one group were given a list of statements about external reasons (E) for writing, such as public recognition, making money, or pleasing their parents. Students in the other group were given a list of statements about internal reasons (I) for writing, such as expressing yourself and enjoying wordplay. Both groups were then instructed to write a poem about laughter. Each student’s poem was rated separately by 12 different poets using a creativity scale. 26 These ratings were averaged to obtain an overall creativity score for each poem. Parallel dotplots of the two groups’ creativity scores are shown here.
Part (a). Is the variability in creativity scores similar or different for the two groups? Justify your answer.
Part (b). Do the data suggest that external rewards promote creativity? Justify your answer.
Risks of playing soccer (1.1) A study in Sweden looked at former elite soccer players, people who had played soccer but not at the elite level, and people of the same age who did not play soccer. Here is a two-way table that classifies these individuals by whether or not they had arthritis of the hip or knee by their mid-fifties:
Part (a). What percent of the people in this study were elite soccer players? What percent of the people in this study developed arthritis?
Part (b). What percent of the elite soccer players developed arthritis? What percent of those who got arthritis were elite soccer players?
Part (c). Researchers suspected that the more serious soccer players were more likely to develop arthritis later in life. Do the data confirm this suspicion? Calculate appropriate percentages to support your answer.
Protecting woodWhat measures can be taken, especially when restoring historic wooden buildings, to help wood surfaces resist weathering? In a study of this question, researchers prepared wooden panels and then exposed them to the weather. Some of the variables recorded were type of wood (yellow poplar, pine, cedar); type of water repellent (solvent based, water-based); paint thickness (millimeters); paint color (white, gray, light blue); weathering time (months). Classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.
Medical study variables Data from a medical study contain values of many variables for each subject in the study. Some of the variables recorded were gender (female or male); age (years); race (Asian, Black, White, or other); smoker (yes or no); systolic blood pressure (millimeters of mercury); level of calcium in the blood (micrograms per milliliter). Classify each variable as categorical or quantitative.
Die rolls Imagine rolling a fair, six-sided die 60 times. Draw a plausible graph of the distribution of die rolls. Should you use a bar graph or a histogram to display the data?
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