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Chapter 11: Q. 52 (page 757)
How far away do you live? Conduct a follow-up analysis for the test in Exercise
We note that the expected value is higher than the observed counts of the public university for the category"over ",
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Recent revenue shortfalls in a midwestern state led to a reduction in the state budget for higher education. To offset the reduction, the largest state university proposed a tuition increase. It was determined that such an increase was needed simply to compensate for the lost support from the state. Separate random samples of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors from the university were asked whether they were strongly opposed to the increase, given that it was the minimum increase necessary to maintain the university's budget at current levels. Here are the results:
Which null hypothesis would be appropriate for performing a chi-square test?
a. The closer students get to graduation, the less likely they are to be opposed to tuition increases.
b. The mean number of students who are strongly opposed is the same for each of the years.
c. The distribution of student opinion about the proposed tuition increase is the same for each of the years at this university.
d. Year in school and student opinion about the tuition increase are independent in the sample.
e. There is an association between year in school and opinion about the tuition increase at this university.
All current-carrying wires produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation, including the electrical wiring running into, through, and out of our homes. High-frequency EM radiation is thought to be a cause of cancer. The lower frequencies associated with household current are generally assumed to be harmless. To investigate the relationship between current configuration and type of cancer, researchers visited the addresses of a random sample of children who had died of some form of cancer (leukemia, lymphoma, or some other type) and classified the wiring configuration outside the dwelling as either a high-current configuration (HCC) or a low-current configuration (LCC). Here are the data:
Computer software was used to analyze the data. The output included the value
Which of the following is the appropriate degrees of freedom for the test?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health interviewed a random sample of teens (grades to ). One question asked, “What do you think are the chances you will be married in the next years?” Here is a two-way table of the responses by gender:
Which of the following is the appropriate null hypothesis for performing a chi-square test?
a. Equal proportions of female and male teenagers are almost certain they will be married in years.
b. There is no difference between the distributions of female and male teenagers’ opinions about marriage in this sample.
c. There is no difference between the distributions of female and male teenagers’ opinions about marriage in the population.
d. There is no association between gender and opinion about marriage in the sample.
e. There is no association between gender and opinion about marriage in the population.
Tuition bills A random sample of U.S. adults was recently asked, “Would you support or oppose major new spending by the federal government that would help undergraduates pay tuition at public colleges without needing loans?” The two-way table shows the responses, grouped by age.
Do these data provide convincing evidence of an association between age and opinion about loan-free tuition in the population of U.S. adults?
Preventing strokes Aspirin prevents blood from clotting and so helps prevent strokes.
The Second European Stroke Prevention Study asked whether adding another anticlotting
drug named dipyridamole would be more effective for patients who had already had a
stroke. Here are the data on strokes during the two years of the study
a. Summarize these data in a two-way table.
b. Do the data provide convincing evidence of a difference in the effectiveness of the four
treatments at thesignificance level?
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