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Chapter 5: Q. 106. (page 337)
If P(A) = 0.24, P(B) = 0.52, and A and B are independent events, what is P(A or B)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. The answer cannot be determined from the information given.
The required answer is
The correct option is
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The partially complete table that follows shows the distribution of scores on the AP®
Statistics exam for a class of students.
Select a student from this class at random. If the student earned a score of 3 or higher
on the AP® Statistics exam, what is the probability that the student scored a 5?
Genetics There are many married couples in which the husband and wife both carry a gene for cystic fibrosis but don’t have the disease themselves. Suppose we select one of these couples at random. According to the laws of genetics, the probability that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis is
a. Interpret this probability as a long-run relative frequency.
b. If researchers randomly select such couples, is one of these couples guaranteed to have a first child who develops cystic fibrosis? Explain your answer.
Treating low bone density Fractures of the spine are common and serious
among women with advanced osteoporosis (low mineral density in the bones). Can taking
strontium ranelate help? A large medical trial was conducted to investigate this question.
Researchers recruited women with osteoporosis who had previously had at least one
fracture for an experiment. The women were assigned to take either strontium ranelate or a
placebo each day. All the women were taking calcium supplements and receiving standard
medical care. One response variable was the number of new fractures over years.
a. Describe a completely randomized design for this experiment.
b. Explain why it is important to keep the calcium supplements and medical care the same
for all the women in the experiment.
c. The women who took strontium ranelate had statistically significantly fewer new
fractures, on average, than the women who took a placebo over a year period. Explain
what this means to someone who knows little statistics.
Income tax returns Here is the distribution of the adjusted gross income (in thousands of dollars) reported on individual federal income tax returns in a recent year:
a. What is the probability that a randomly chosen return shows an adjusted gross income of or more?
b. Given that a return shows an income of at least , what is the conditional
probability that the income is at least ?
Three pointers The figure shows the results of a basketball player attempting many
point shots. Explain what this graph tells you about chance behavior in the short run and
long run.
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