AARP, and Medicare (4.1) To find out what proportion of Americans support proposed

Medicare legislation to help pay medical costs, the AARP conducted a survey of their

members (people over age $50$ who pay membership dues). One of the questions was:

“Even if this plan won’t affect you personally either way, do you think it should be passed

so that people with low incomes or people with high drug costs can be helped?” Of the

respondents, $75\%$ answered “Yes.”

a. Describe how undercoverage might lead to bias in this study. Explain the likely

direction of the bias.

b. Describe how the wording of the question might lead to bias in this study. Explain the

likely direction of the bias.

We have to tell about undercoverage might lead to bias in this study.

• Undercoverage occurs when some people of the population are less likely to be picked or are unable to be chosen for the sample, undercoverage develops. When the "undercovered" individuals differ from the general population in ways that affect their responses, undercoverage leads to bias.
• Voluntary response bias can occur as a result of undercover prejudice. This implies you run the danger of gathering data from a limited group of people who are passionate about the research topic. As a result, your data samples will be skewed toward the viewpoints of a small portion of your research population.

We have to tell about the wording of the question might lead to bias in this study.

• People who aren't included in the phone book are likely to be more concerned about privacy concerns than the average person. If they had been included in the sample, the results would have likely shown a higher percentage of persons concerned about privacy.

$42\%$ of the population

• The percentage of people in her state concerned about internet privacy is likely to be lower than $42$ percent.