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Chapter 5: Q. 57 (page 329)
The most common bet in craps is the “pass line.” A pass line bettor wins immediately if either a or ancomes up on the first roll. This is called a natural. What is the probability that a natural does not occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The probability that a natural does not occur is (e)
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What is the probability that the person owns a Chevy, given that the truck has four-wheel drive?
AARP, and Medicare (4.1) To find out what proportion of Americans support proposed
Medicare legislation to help pay medical costs, the AARP conducted a survey of their
members (people over age who pay membership dues). One of the questions was:
“Even if this plan won’t affect you personally either way, do you think it should be passed
so that people with low incomes or people with high drug costs can be helped?” Of the
respondents, answered “Yes.”
a. Describe how undercoverage might lead to bias in this study. Explain the likely
direction of the bias.
b. Describe how the wording of the question might lead to bias in this study. Explain the
likely direction of the bias.
Roulette An American roulette wheel has 38 slots with numbers throughand , as shown in the figure. Of the numbered slots, are red, are black, and —the and —are green. When the wheel is spun, a metal ball is dropped onto the middle of the wheel. If the wheel is balanced, the ball is equally likely to settle in any of the numbered slots. Imagine spinning a fair wheel once. Define events : ball lands in a black slot, and : ball lands in an even-numbered slot. (Treatand as even numbers.)
a. Make a two-way table that displays the sample space in terms of events and .
b. Find and.
c. Describe the event “and ” in words. Then find the probability of this event.
d. Explain why . Then use the general addition rule to compute .
Brushing teeth, wasting water? A recent study reported that fewer than half of young adults turn off the water while brushing their teeth. Is the same true for teenagers? To find out, a group of statistics students asked an SRS of students at their school if they usually brush with the water off. In the sample, students said "Yes." The dotplot shows the results of taking SRSS of students from a population in which the true proportion who brush with the water off is .
a. Explain why the sample result (of the students said "Yes") does not give convincing evidence that fewer than half of the school's students brush their teeth with the water off.
b. Suppose instead that of the students in the class's sample had said "Yes." Explain why this result would give convincing evidence that fewer than of the school's students brush their teeth with the water off.
Body image A random sample of U.S. college students was asked, “What is your perception of your own body? Do you feel that you are overweight, underweight, or about right?” The two-way table below summarizes the data on perceived body image by gender.
Suppose we randomly select one of the survey respondents.
a. Given that the person perceived his or her body image as about right, what’s the
probability that the person is female?
b. If the person selected is female, what’s the probability that she did not perceive her body image as overweight?
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