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Chapter 5: Q. T5.1 (page 357)
What is the probability that the person owns a Dodge or has four-wheel drive?
The correct option is :
d.
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Cell phonesThe Pew Research Center asked a random sample of adult cell-phone owners from the United States their age and which type of cell phone they own: iPhone, Android, or other (including non-smartphones). The two-way table summarizes the data.
Suppose we select one of the survey respondents at random. What’s the probability that:
a. The person is not age to and does not own an iPhone?
b. The person is age to or owns an iPhone?
Lefties A website claims that of U.S. adults are left-handed. A researcher believes that this figure is too low. She decides to test this claim by taking a random sample of U.S. adults and recording how many are left-handed. Four of the adults in the sample are left-handed. Does this result give convincing evidence that the website’s claim is too low? To find out, we want to perform a simulation to estimate the probability of getting or more left-handed people in a random sample of size from a very large population in which of the people are left-handed.
Let to indicate left-handed and to 99 represent right-handed. Move left to Page Number: right across a row in Table . Each pair of digits represents one person. Keep going until you get different pairs of digits. Record how many people in the simulated sample are left-handed. Repeat this process many, many times. Find the proportion of trials in which or more people in the simulated sample were left-handed.
Tossing coins Imagine tossing a fair coin times.
a. Give a probability model for this chance process.
b. Define event B as getting more heads than tails. Find P(B).
Rock smashes scissors Almost everyone has played the game rock-paper-scissors at some point. Two players face each other and, at the count of , make a fist (rock), an extended hand, palm side down (paper), or a “V” with the index and middle fingers (scissors). The winner is determined by these rules: rock smashes scissors; paper covers rock; and scissors cut paper. If both players choose the same object, then the game is a tie. Suppose that Player and Player are both equally likely to choose rock, paper, or scissors. a. Give a probability model for this chance process. b. Find the probability that Player wins the game on the first throw .
Smartphone addiction? A media report claims that of U.S. teens with smartphones feel addicted to their devices. A skeptical researcher believes that this figure is too high. She decides to test the claim by taking a random sample of U.S. teens who have smartphones. Only of the teens in the sample feel addicted to their devices. Does this result give convincing evidence that the media report’s claim is too high? To find out, we want to perform a simulation to estimate the probability of getting or fewer teens who feel addicted to their devices in a random sample of size from a very large population of teens with smartphones in which 50% feel addicted to their devices.
Let = feels addicted and = doesn’t feel addicted. Use a random number generator to produce random integers from to . Record the number of ’s in the simulated random sample. Repeat this process many, many times. Find the percent of trials on which the number of ’s was or less.
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