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Chapter 5: Q. T5.2 (page 357)
What is the probability that the person owns a Chevy, given that the truck has four-wheel drive?
The correct option is :
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Who eats breakfast?Students in an urban school were curious about how many children regularly eat breakfast. They conducted a survey, asking, “Do you eat breakfast on a regular basis?” All students in the school responded to the survey. The resulting data are shown in the two-way table.
Suppose we select a student from the school at random. Define event as getting a female student and event as getting a student who eats breakfast regularly.
a. Find
b. Find . Interpret this value in context.
c. Find .
Three machines—A, B, and C—are used to produce a large quantity of identical parts at
a factory. Machine A produces of the parts, while Machines B and C produce
and of the parts, respectively. Historical records indicate that of the parts
produced by Machine A are defective, compared with for Machine B, and for
Machine C. Suppose we randomly select a part produced at the factory.
a. Find the probability that the part is defective.
b. If the part is inspected and found to be defective, what’s the probability that it was
produced by Machine B?
When did you leave? The National Household Travel Survey gathers data on the time of day when people begin a trip in their car or other vehicle. Choose a trip at random and record the time at which the trip started. Here is an assignment of probabilities for the outcomes :
a. What probability should replace “?” in the table? Why?
b. Find the probability that the chosen trip did not begin between A.M. and P.M.
The two-way table summarizes data on whether students at a certain high school eat
regularly in the school cafeteria by grade level.
a. If you choose a student at random, what is the probability that the student eats
regularly in the cafeteria and is not a grader?
b. If you choose a student at random who eats regularly in the cafeteria, what is the probability that the student is a grader?
c. Are the events “grader” and “eats regularly in the cafeteria” independent?
Justify your answer.
Superpowers A random sample of children from England and the United States who completed a survey in a recent year was selected. Each student’s country of origin was recorded along with which superpower they would most like to have: the ability to fly, ability to freeze time, invisibility, superstrength, or telepathy (ability to read minds). The data are summarized in the two-way table.
Suppose we randomly select one of these students. Define events E: England, T: telepathy,
and S: superstrength.
a. Find . Interpret this value in context.
b. Given that the student did not choose superstrength, what’s the probability that this child is from England is ? Write your answer as a probability statement using correct symbols for the events.
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