Deep in the interiors of the giant planets, water is still a liquid, even though the temperatures are tens of thousands of degrees above the boiling point of water. Water can exist in liquid form here because a. the density inside the giant planets is so high. b. the pressure inside the giant planets is so high. c. the outer Solar System is so cold. d. space has very low pressure.

Pressure can have significant effects on the state and behavior of materials. When water is exposed to high pressure, such as inside giant planets like Jupiter or Saturn, its properties change dramatically.
Under these conditions, water doesn't behave like it does on Earth. On Earth, we know water boils at 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure. However, increasing pressure raises the boiling point of water.
In the interiors of giant planets, pressures can be millions of times greater than on Earth. At such high pressures, even though the temperature might be tens of thousands of degrees, water remains in a liquid state because the boiling point has increased to match these extreme conditions.

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a gas. This temperature can vary based on the surrounding pressure.
If pressure increases, the boiling point of water rises. For instance:

• At sea level (1 atmospheric pressure), water boils at 100°C (212°F).
• On top of a mountain (lower atmospheric pressure), water boils at a lower temperature.
• At extremely high pressures, like in giant planets, water can remain liquid at temperatures much higher than 100°C.

In the context of giant planets, the pressures inside are so immense that water's boiling point is pushed to extraordinary heights, allowing it to stay liquid despite the extremely high temperatures.

The interiors of giant planets are fascinating and extreme environments. These planets have strong gravitational forces, leading to extremely high pressures and temperatures in their cores.
An understanding of the composition and conditions inside these planets helps explain why water can exist in liquid form there. For example,

• Jupiter's core pressure is estimated to be around 3,000 to 4,500 GPa (Gigapascals).
• Saturn also has similarly high internal pressures.

These immense pressures ensure that the boiling point of water is significantly elevated, maintaining it as a liquid despite the extreme heat. So, when discussing giant planetary interiors, it’s crucial to consider how high pressure influences the state of materials within them.