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Chapter 5: Problem 18

Momentum is the product of a. mass and position. b. position and energy. c. mass and energy. d. mass and velocity. e. mass and acceleration.

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. mass and velocity.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Concept of Momentum

Momentum in physics is defined as the quantity of motion an object has. It is a vector quantity and is usually symbolized by the letter 'p'. The formula for momentum is given by: \[ p = m \times v \] where 'm' represents mass and 'v' represents velocity.
02

Examine Each Option

Go through the given options to determine which one correctly identifies the components of momentum. The options are: a. mass and position b. position and energy c. mass and energy d. mass and velocity e. mass and acceleration
03

Apply the Momentum Formula

Using the formula for momentum ( \( p = m \times v \) ), it becomes clear that the correct option should include both mass (m) and velocity (v).
04

Select the Correct Option

The correct option is the one that states momentum is the product of mass and velocity. Among the given options, this is option (d).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Mass
Mass is a fundamental property of matter. It measures the amount of material an object contains. In simple terms, mass is the 'stuff' inside an object. It is measured in kilograms (kg) in the International System of Units (SI).

Mass affects how much force is needed to change an object's motion. For instance, a heavier object (one with more mass) requires more force to move or stop than a lighter object.

Key points to remember about mass:
  • Mass is not the same as weight. Weight depends on gravity, while mass is the amount of matter.
  • Mass is a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude and no direction.
  • Mass is always constant, no matter where the object is in the universe.
When calculating momentum, mass plays a crucial role. Without knowing the mass of an object, we cannot determine its momentum.
The Role of Velocity
Velocity is another critical concept in physics. It refers to the speed of an object in a specific direction. Unlike speed, which only tells us how fast something is moving, velocity gives us both speed and direction.

Here are some key points to understand about velocity:
  • Velocity is a vector quantity. This means it has both magnitude (how fast) and direction (which way).
  • It can be negative or positive. For instance, an object moving east might have a positive velocity, while one moving west has a negative velocity.
  • Velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s) in SI units.
In the momentum formula, velocity is as crucial as mass. Without the velocity information, we can't accurately compute an object's momentum. For example, if you know the mass of a car but don't know its velocity, you cannot determine its momentum.
Physics Formula for Momentum
The physics formula for momentum is straightforward yet essential. It is given by:

\[ p = m \times v \]

Here's what each symbol means:
  • '\[ p \]' represents momentum.
  • '\[ m \]' stands for mass.
  • '\[ v \]' symbolizes velocity.
This formula tells us that momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity. Since both mass and velocity are critical components, any change in either will affect the momentum.

Let's consider a quick example:
  • If a car with a mass of 1000 kg is moving at a velocity of 10 m/s, its momentum would be:

    \[ p = 1000 \ \times \ 10 = 10000 \ \times \ 10000 \ kg \times \ m/s \]
The units for momentum are typically given in kilogram-meters per second (\[ kg \times m/s\]). This formula highlights that knowing both mass and velocity is essential. Without one, you can't fully understand or calculate momentum.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Patterns of emission or absorption lines in spectra can uniquely identify individual atomic elements. Explain how positive identification of atomic elements can be used as one way of testing the validity of the cosmological principle.

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\(\mathbf{T} / \mathbf{F}:\) The frequency of a photon is related to the energy of the photon.

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