Some astrologers use elaborate mathematical formulas and procedures to predict the future. Does this show that astrology is a science? Why or why not?

The scientific method is a systematic approach to investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is characterized by a few fundamental steps which include observation, hypothesizing, experimentation, and conclusion. The process begins with observing a phenomenon, forming a hypothesis to explain it, then conducting experiments to test the hypothesis.
Results from these experiments either support or refute the hypothesis. If supported, the hypothesis can become a theory after rigorous testing and validation. Importantly, this method relies on logical reasoning and structured, repeatable procedures to ensure accuracy and reliability.

Empirical evidence is information acquired by observation or experimentation. This evidence is crucial in forming a solid scientific understanding of phenomena because it is objective and measurable. An example of empirical evidence could be data collected through a controlled experiment, where variables are manipulated to observe the effects.
Scientists prefer empirical evidence because it is based on observed and measured phenomena and derives from the real-world experience. This solid foundation separates valid scientific inquiry from pseudoscience, where claims are often based on anecdotal evidence or untested beliefs.

Falsifiability refers to the ability of a theory or hypothesis to be disproven through experimentation or observation. For a claim to be considered scientific, it must be testable and capable of being proven wrong. This concept, introduced by philosopher Karl Popper, helps in distinguishing scientific theories from non-scientific ones.
For instance, if astrology were scientific, its predictions would need to be falsifiable. If astrologers claim that a person's horoscope predicts future events, those predictions should be testable against real-world occurrences and proven false when not met. If such predictions cannot be tested or falsified, they cannot be considered scientifically valid.

Peer review is a process where scientists evaluate the quality and validity of each other's research before it is published. This critical assessment ensures the research meets the necessary standards for scientific integrity and accuracy. During peer review, independent experts in the same field scrutinize the methodology, data analysis, and conclusions drawn by the researchers.
This process is essential to maintaining trust and reliability in scientific knowledge. If a study does not undergo rigorous peer review, its findings may lack credibility. In the case of astrology, claims are typically not subjected to such scrutiny, which raises doubts about their scientific reliability.