a. Go to the website for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III; http://sdss3.org/index.php), which has made a three-dimensional map of the sky. The 2012 video flythrough can be accessed at http: \(/ /\) sdss \(3 .\) org / press/dr9.php, and new ones may be posted as the project acquires more data. Why did the SDSS-III scientists make this map? What were the goals of the SDSS-III project? What do astronomers learn from this fly-through? b. Go to the website for the Dark Energy Survey (http:// ww w.darkenergysurvey.org/). What are the science goals of this project? What are the observations? Are there any results yet?

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) is a project dedicated to creating a detailed three-dimensional map of the universe. The initiative began to provide a comprehensive map including millions of astronomical objects. By using advanced telescopes and spectrographs, the project has helped astronomers to accurately chart the positions and properties of galaxies, stars, and various cosmic phenomena. A visit to the SDSS-III website reveals a wealth of information, including a stunning 2012 video flythrough that offers an immersive view of the data collected.
The primary goals of SDSS-III include understanding the large-scale structure of the universe, investigating the distribution of galaxies, and analyzing the cosmic web. Through these efforts, astronomers gather vital data that aids in unraveling the mysteries surrounding galaxy formation, black holes, and dark matter. Truly, SDSS-III is a milestone in the field of astronomical observations, significantly expanding our knowledge of the cosmos.

The Dark Energy Survey (DES) is focused on uncovering the nature of dark energy, the mysterious force driving the accelerated expansion of the universe. Launched to perform one of the most significant cosmic observations, DES uses the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) mounted on the Blanco Telescope in Chile. The survey aims to measure the effects of dark energy by capturing high-resolution images of distant galaxies and clusters.
The science goals of DES include studying galaxy distribution, supernovae, and gravitational lensing. These observations help in analyzing the rate of expansion of the universe and provide clues about the properties and era of dark energy. Researchers on the DES team meticulously analyze the data to build cosmological models, attempting to limit the scope of potential theories explaining dark energy. Currently, DES has released data based on years of observation, including stunning visuals and significant insights into the behavior of the universe over time.

A three-dimensional sky map is a powerful tool that enables astronomers to visualize celestial objects in a more realistic and spatially accurate manner. The SDSS-III project, for example, has created such a map using data from extensive sky surveys. These maps are constructed by plotting the positions and distances of galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies, providing a volumetric view of the universe.
The essence of this mapping is to offer a more profound understanding of the universe's structure. With a three-dimensional representation, scientists can examine the distribution of matter, discern patterns, and detect anomalies that might indicate the presence of dark matter or other phenomena. For students and the public, these maps, especially when presented as interactive flythrough videos, make the vastness and complexity of the cosmos more comprehensible.

Astronomical observations are fundamental to the field of astronomy, involving the collection of data from celestial objects and phenomena. These observations can be made in various wavelengths, such as optical, infrared, radio, and X-ray. Projects like SDSS-III and the Dark Energy Survey rely heavily on meticulous observational techniques to gather accurate data.
By observing the sky, astronomers collect invaluable information that helps in constructing models of stellar and galactic evolution, understanding the formation of planetary systems, and mapping the material composition of the universe. Modern observatories are equipped with sophisticated instruments, enabling high-resolution imaging and precise measurement of light from distant objects. Observations drive the scientific process, leading to discoveries that challenge existing theories and pave the way for new research.

The science goals of astronomical surveys like SDSS-III and the Dark Energy Survey are essential in guiding the objectives and outcomes of these massive projects. The SDSS-III project aims to chart a detailed map of the universe, helping to answer questions about galaxy formation, cosmic structure, and the distribution of dark matter. On the other hand, the Dark Energy Survey focuses on understanding dark energy and its role in the accelerated expansion of the universe.
These science goals help prioritize observations, allocate resources, and set milestones for the research teams. By having clear objectives, these surveys can systematically explore specific cosmic questions and contribute to a broader understanding of the universe. The results from these surveys not only add to our knowledge but also generate new hypotheses and research avenues, ensuring that the pursuit of astronomical science continues to evolve.