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Chapter 3: Problem 1

An empirical science is one that is based on a. hypothesis. b. calculus. c. computer models. d. observed data.

Short Answer

Expert verified
d. observed data.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The question asks for the characteristic that defines an empirical science. An empirical science is one that relies on something specific.
02

Evaluate Option A

Consider if an empirical science is based on a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation, but it needs testing through observation or experiment.
03

Evaluate Option B

Consider if an empirical science is based on calculus. Calculus is a branch of mathematics used for analysis, not the foundation of empirical science.
04

Evaluate Option C

Consider if an empirical science is based on computer models. Computer models can aid empirical science, but they are tools rather than the foundation.
05

Evaluate Option D

Consider if an empirical science is based on observed data. Empirical science relies on observing and experimenting to gather data and validate hypotheses.
06

Choose the Correct Answer

Based on the evaluation, the characteristic that best defines empirical science is its reliance on observed data.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

observed data
When we talk about empirical science, one of its core components is 'observed data'.
Observed data refers to information gathered through our senses or instruments.
These are the facts or details collected during experiments or fieldwork.
Unlike theoretical data, observed data is all about real-world evidence.

Observed data is crucial because:
  • It provides the foundation for verifying scientific ideas.
  • It helps in understanding patterns and trends.
  • It supports or refutes hypotheses (more on this later).
By relying on observed data, empirical sciences ensure that theories are grounded in reality.
scientific method
The 'scientific method' is the backbone of empirical science.
It's a systematic way to explore phenomena, acquire new knowledge, or correct and integrate previous knowledge.
Here’s how the scientific method generally works:

  • Ask a Question: Start with a clear, focused question based on observations.
  • Do Background Research: Look into existing literature to see what’s already known.
  • Construct a Hypothesis: Formulate a tentative explanation or prediction that can be tested.
  • Conduct Experiments: Gather observed data through structured procedures to test the hypothesis.
  • Analyze Data: Interpret the observed data to understand if they support or refute the hypothesis.
  • Draw Conclusions: Decide whether to accept or reject the hypothesis based on your analysis.
The scientific method is an iterative process, often leading to new questions and further investigation.
hypothesis testing
At the heart of the scientific method is 'hypothesis testing'.
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation made based on limited evidence.
It's a starting point for further investigation. Here’s how hypothesis testing works:

  • Formulate a Hypothesis: Create a testable statement based on observations.
  • Design an Experiment: Plan a way to collect evidence (observed data) to test the hypothesis.
  • Collect Data: Carry out experiments and gather data.
  • Analyze Results: Evaluate the data to see if it confirms or contradicts the hypothesis.
If the data supports the hypothesis, it gains credibility and can be tested further.
If it doesn't, the hypothesis may be revised or rejected.
Remember, the goal of hypothesis testing is not to prove a hypothesis completely but to assess its validity based on observed data.

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