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Chapter 1: Q. 1.26 (page 19)

A battery is connected in series to a resistor, which is immersed in water (to prepare a nice hot cup of tea). Would you classify the flow of energy from the battery to the resistor as "heat" or "work"? What about the flow of energy from the resistor to the water?

Short Answer

Expert verified

We can say work is done when energy flows from battery to resister and heat flows from resister to water.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

A battery is connected in series to a resistor, which is immersed in water .

02

Explanation

In electric circuit work done is defined as the Work = Potential diff X charge

We can say it is due to the work done by the voltage difference across the terminals of the battery on the electrons in the wire.

So the transfer of energy from the battery to the resistor is work.


The transfer of energy from the resistor to the water is heat. That's because the transfer of energy is driven by the temperature difference between the resistor and the water.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Imagine some helium in a cylinder with an initial volume of 1litreand an initial pressure of 1atm.Somehow the helium is made to expand to a final volume of 3litres,in such a way that its pressure rises in direct proportion to its volume.

(a) Sketch a graph of pressure vs. volume for this process.

(b) Calculate the work done on the gas during this process, assuming that there are no "other" types of work being done.

(c) Calculate the change in the helium's energy content during this process.

(d) Calculate the amount of heat added to or removed from the helium during this process.

(e) Describe what you might do to cause the pressure to rise as the helium expands.

In Problem 1.16 you calculated the pressure of the earth’s atmosphere as a function of altitude, assuming constant temperature. Ordinarily, however, the temperature of the bottommost 10-15 km of the atmosphere (called the troposphere) decreases with increasing altitude, due to heating from the ground (which is warmed by sunlight). If the temperature gradient |dT/dz|exceeds a certain critical value, convection will occur: Warm, low-density air will rise, while cool, high-density air sinks. The decrease of pressure with altitude causes a rising air mass to expand adiabatically and thus to cool. The condition for convection to occur is that the rising air mass must remain warmer than the surrounding air despite this adiabatic cooling.

a. Show that when an ideal gas expands adiabatically, the temperature and pressure are related by the differential equation

dTdP=2f+2TP

b. Assume that dT/dzis just at the critical value for convection to begin so that the vertical forces on a convecting air mass are always approximately in balance. Use the result of Problem 1.16(b) to find a formula for dT/dzin this case. The result should be a constant, independent of temperature and pressure, which evaluates to approximately –10°C/km. This fundamental meteorological quantity is known as the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

Your 200 g cup of tea is boiling-hot. About how much ice should you add to bring it down to a comfortable sipping temperature of 65°C? (Assume that the ice is initially 65°C. The specific heat capacity of ice isrole="math" localid="1650146844935" 0.5cal/g°C.

A cup containing 200g of water is sitting on your dining room table. After carefully measuring its temperature to be 20oC, you leave the room. Returning ten minutes later, you measure its temperature again and find that it is now 25oC. What can you conclude about the amount of heat added to the water? (Hint: This is a trick question.)

By applying a pressure of 200atm, you can compress water to 99%of its usual volume. Sketch this process (not necessarily to scale) on aPV diagram, and estimate the work required to compress a liter of water by this amount. Does the result surprise you?
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