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Chapter 1: Q. 1.27 (page 19)

Give an example of a process in which no heat is added to a system, but its temperature increases. Then give an example of the opposite: a process in which heat is added to a system but its temperature does not change.

Short Answer

Expert verified

No heat is added to a system, but its temperature increases : Heating a resister

a process in which heat is added to a system but its temperature does not change: Boiling water

Step by step solution

01

Given

No heat is added to a system, but its temperature increases and

A process in which heat is added to a system but its temperature does not change.

02

Explanation

Heat is defined as any flow of energy between two objects due to difference in temperature between them.
In thermodynamics work is defined as any transfer of energy into or out of system from surroundings.

Any process in which work is done on a body can raise the temperature even if no heat flows. The heating of resistor is a one of example which does work on the system from current flow in the resistor which is not because of the heat flow.
Opposite is also possible to add heat to a system without raising its temperature.
When water reaches its boiling point the temperature of water doesn't increase any further. The heat is used to vaporize water at a constant temperature.


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Most popular questions from this chapter

In analogy with the thermal conductivity, derive an approximate formula for the diffusion coefficient of an ideal gas in terms of the mean free path and the average thermal speed. Evaluate your formula numerically for air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and compare to the experimental value quoted in the text. How does D depend on T, at fixed pressure?

The Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined so that ice melts at 320 F and water boils at 2120 F.

(a) Derive the formula for converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius and back

(b) What is absolute zero on the Fahrenheit scale?

Use the data at the back of this book to determine ΔHfor the combustion of a mole of glucose,

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O.

This is the (net) reaction that provides most of the energy needs in our bodies.

The Rankine temperature scale(abbreviated °R) uses the same scale size degrees as Fahrenheit, but measured up from absolute zero like Kelvin(so Rankine is to Fahrenheit as Kelvin is to Celsius). Find the conversion formula between Rankine and Fahrenheit and also between Rankine and Kelvin. What is the room temperature on the Rankine scale?

By applying Newton’s laws to the oscillations of a continuous medium, one can show that the speed of a sound wave is given by

cs=Bρ,

where ρis the density of the medium (mass per unit volume) and B is the bulk modulus, a measure of the medium’s stiffness? More precisely, if we imagine applying an increase in pressure ΔPto a chunk of the material, and this increase results in a (negative) change in volume ΔV, then B is defined as the change in pressure divided by the magnitude of the fractional change in volume:

B=ΔP–ΔV/V

This definition is still ambiguous, however, because I haven't said whether the compression is to take place isothermally or adiabatically (or in some other way).

  1. Compute the bulk modulus of an ideal gas, in terms of its pressure P, for both isothermal and adiabatic compressions.
  2. Argue that for purposes of computing the speed of a sound wave, the adiabatic B is the one we should use.
  3. Derive an expression for the speed of sound in an ideal gas, in terms of its temperature and average molecular mass. Compare your result to the formula for the RMS speed of the molecules in the gas. Evaluate the speed of sound numerically for air at room temperature.
  4. When Scotland’s Battlefield Band played in Utah, one musician remarked that the high altitude threw their bagpipes out of tune. Would you expect altitude to affect the speed of sound (and hence the frequencies of the standing waves in the pipes)? If so, in which direction? If not, why not?
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